Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Addiction to Smartphone usage has psychological and physical impacts. However, the state of spasm of accommodation is unclear in Smartphone abusers.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study among adults aged 18-35 years between October 2016 and December 2018. Forty participants were Smartphone abusers according to the Smartphone addiction questionnaire, and 40 participants were non users. We measured auto refraction precycloplegia and postcycloplegia at far for all participants to evaluate the state of spasm of accommodation. We assessed the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) parameters including anterior chamber angle (ACA).
RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the odds of having spasm of accommodation between Smartphone abusers compared to non-users (OR = 6.64, 95% CI = 1.73-25.47; adjusted OR = 14.63, 95% CI = 2.99-71.62). The Smartphone abusers and non-users groups had a superior ACA median of 30.45° ± 8.3° vs. 26.75° ± 6.6° (P = 0.04) precycloplegia at far and 31.70° ± 11.8° vs. 31.45° ± 8.3° (P = 0.15) postcycloplegia at far, respectively, demonstrated by the Mann-Whitney U test. There was significant higher difference in the precycloplegic nasal ACA at far in the Smartphone abusers group than the non-users group (mean precycloplegic nasal ACA difference = 3.57°, 95% CI = 0.76° - 6.37°), demonstrated by the independent t test. Similarly, there was significant higher difference in the postcycloplegic nasal ACA at far (mean postcycloplegic nasal ACA difference = 4.26°, 95% CI = 1.33° - 7.19°).
CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone abusers are in a condition of accommodation spasm. As a result, cycloplegic refraction should be done for Smartphone abusers.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study among adults aged 18-35 years between October 2016 and December 2018. Forty participants were Smartphone abusers according to the Smartphone addiction questionnaire, and 40 participants were non users. We measured auto refraction precycloplegia and postcycloplegia at far for all participants to evaluate the state of spasm of accommodation. We assessed the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) parameters including anterior chamber angle (ACA).
RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the odds of having spasm of accommodation between Smartphone abusers compared to non-users (OR = 6.64, 95% CI = 1.73-25.47; adjusted OR = 14.63, 95% CI = 2.99-71.62). The Smartphone abusers and non-users groups had a superior ACA median of 30.45° ± 8.3° vs. 26.75° ± 6.6° (P = 0.04) precycloplegia at far and 31.70° ± 11.8° vs. 31.45° ± 8.3° (P = 0.15) postcycloplegia at far, respectively, demonstrated by the Mann-Whitney U test. There was significant higher difference in the precycloplegic nasal ACA at far in the Smartphone abusers group than the non-users group (mean precycloplegic nasal ACA difference = 3.57°, 95% CI = 0.76° - 6.37°), demonstrated by the independent t test. Similarly, there was significant higher difference in the postcycloplegic nasal ACA at far (mean postcycloplegic nasal ACA difference = 4.26°, 95% CI = 1.33° - 7.19°).
CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone abusers are in a condition of accommodation spasm. As a result, cycloplegic refraction should be done for Smartphone abusers.
摘要：
背景：智能手机使用成瘾具有心理和生理影响。然而,智能手机滥用者的住宿痉挛状态尚不清楚。
方法：我们在2016年10月至2018年12月期间对18-35岁的成年人进行了横断面研究。根据智能手机成瘾问卷，40名参与者是智能手机滥用者，40名参与者是非使用者。我们测量了所有参与者的自动屈光网前麻痹和后麻痹，以评估调节痉挛的状态。我们评估了超声生物显微镜（UBM）参数，包括前房角（ACA）。
结果：与非使用者相比，智能手机滥用者之间发生适应痉挛的几率存在显着差异（OR=6.64，95％CI=1.73-25.47；调整后OR=14.63，95％CI=2.99-71.62）。智能手机滥用者和非使用者群体的ACA中位数为30.45°±8.3°。26.75°±6.6°（P=0.04）远和31.70°±11.8°与远行时，睫状肌麻痹后31.45°±8.3°（P=0.15），分别,由曼-惠特尼U测试证明。在智能手机滥用者组中，远在非使用者组中，前循环麻痹性鼻ACA的差异显着高于非使用者组（平均前循环麻痹性鼻ACA差异=3.57°，95%CI=0.76°-6.37°)，通过独立t检验证明。同样，在远处，睫状肌麻痹后鼻ACA的差异显着提高（平均睫状肌麻痹后鼻ACA差异=4.26°，95%CI=1.33°-7.19°)。
结论：智能手机滥用者处于调节痉挛状态。因此,应该为智能手机滥用者进行睫状肌麻痹屈光。
方法：我们在2016年10月至2018年12月期间对18-35岁的成年人进行了横断面研究。根据智能手机成瘾问卷，40名参与者是智能手机滥用者，40名参与者是非使用者。我们测量了所有参与者的自动屈光网前麻痹和后麻痹，以评估调节痉挛的状态。我们评估了超声生物显微镜（UBM）参数，包括前房角（ACA）。
结果：与非使用者相比，智能手机滥用者之间发生适应痉挛的几率存在显着差异（OR=6.64，95％CI=1.73-25.47；调整后OR=14.63，95％CI=2.99-71.62）。智能手机滥用者和非使用者群体的ACA中位数为30.45°±8.3°。26.75°±6.6°（P=0.04）远和31.70°±11.8°与远行时，睫状肌麻痹后31.45°±8.3°（P=0.15），分别,由曼-惠特尼U测试证明。在智能手机滥用者组中，远在非使用者组中，前循环麻痹性鼻ACA的差异显着高于非使用者组（平均前循环麻痹性鼻ACA差异=3.57°，95%CI=0.76°-6.37°)，通过独立t检验证明。同样，在远处，睫状肌麻痹后鼻ACA的差异显着提高（平均睫状肌麻痹后鼻ACA差异=4.26°，95%CI=1.33°-7.19°)。
结论：智能手机滥用者处于调节痉挛状态。因此,应该为智能手机滥用者进行睫状肌麻痹屈光。
