Abstract：
Citrus greening (huanglonbing (HLB)) disease has drastically reduced citrus fruit production in Florida over the last two decades. Scientists have developed sustainable nutrient management practices to live with the disease and continue fruit production. Best pesticide management practices have been devised to reduce the spread of HLB by Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). However, soil application of excessive nutrients and the use of soil drench application of pesticides to huanglongbing-infected citrus groves have been a serious environmental concern since the recent development of resistance to some pesticides. It is important to understand the consequences of applying pesticides and nutrients beyond the recommended application rates with an inappropriate method for citrus growth and development. Alternatively, foliar sprays of some nutrients proved effective to meet plants\' requirements, and foliar sprays of effective insecticide products could provide an adequate mode of action for group rotation to minimize insecticide resistance by ACP and other pests. Sustainability in citrus production systems should include best management practices that improve pesticide and nutrient efficiency by including the total maximum daily load exiting the grove to reduce pesticide and nutrient exports into waterbodies.
摘要：
在过去的二十年中，柑橘绿化（黄龙病（HLB））病已大大减少了佛罗里达州的柑橘类水果产量。科学家已经开发了可持续的营养管理实践，以与疾病共存并继续生产水果。已设计出最佳的农药管理方法，以减少亚洲柑橘木虱（ACP）对HLB的传播。然而,自从最近对某些农药产生抗药性以来，土壤施用过多的养分和对黄龙病感染的柑橘林使用土壤淋施农药一直是一个严重的环境问题。重要的是要了解在柑橘生长和发育的不适当方法下，超过推荐的施用量施用农药和营养素的后果。或者，一些营养素的叶面喷雾被证明能有效满足植物的需求，有效杀虫剂产品的叶面喷雾可以为群体轮换提供足够的作用方式，以最大程度地减少ACP和其他害虫的杀虫剂抗性。柑橘生产系统的可持续性应包括最佳管理实践，通过包括离开树林的最大每日总负荷来减少农药和营养素向水体的出口，从而提高农药和营养素的效率。
