Abstract：
Ultrasound-guided interfascial plane blocks performed on the anterior and lateral thoracic wall have become an important adjuvant method to general anesthesia and an independent method of local anesthesia and pain management. These procedures diminish the harmful effects of anesthesia on respiratory function and reduce the risk of phrenic nerve paralysis or iatrogenic pneumothorax. In postoperative pain management, interfascial plane blocks decrease the dosage of intravenous drugs, including opioids. They can also eliminate the complications associated with general anesthesia when used as the sole method of anesthesia for surgical procedures. The following procedures are classified as interfascial plane blocks of the anterior and lateral thoracic wall: pectoral nerve plane block (PECS), serratus anterior plane block (SAP), transversus thoracic muscle plane block (TTP), pectoral interfascial plane block (PIF), and intercostal nerve block (ICNB). These blocks are widely used in emergency medicine, oncologic surgery, general surgery, thoracic surgery, cardiac surgery, orthopedics, cardiology, nephrology, oncology, palliative medicine, and pain medicine. Regional blocks are effective for analgesic treatment, both as an anesthesia procedure for surgery on the anterior and lateral thoracic wall and as an analgesic therapy after trauma or other conditions that induce pain in this area. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, ultrasound-guided interfascial plane blocks are safe alternatives for anesthesia in patients with symptoms of respiratory distress related to SARS-CoV-2 and appear to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection among medical personnel.
摘要：
超声引导下对胸前和胸壁外侧进行筋膜平面阻滞已成为全身麻醉的重要辅助方法，也是局部麻醉和疼痛管理的独立方法。这些手术减少了麻醉对呼吸功能的有害影响，并降低了膈神经麻痹或医源性气胸的风险。在术后疼痛管理中，筋膜平面阻滞减少了静脉药物的剂量，包括阿片类药物。当用作外科手术的唯一麻醉方法时，它们还可以消除与全身麻醉相关的并发症。以下程序被分类为前胸壁和胸壁外侧筋膜间平面阻滞：胸神经平面阻滞（PECS），前锯肌平面阻滞（SAP），经胸肌平面阻滞（TTP），胸筋膜平面传导阻滞（PIF），肋间神经阻滞（ICNB）。这些块广泛用于急诊医学，肿瘤手术,普外科,胸外科,心脏手术,骨科,心脏病学,肾脏病学,肿瘤学,姑息药物,和止痛药。局部阻滞对镇痛治疗有效，既可以作为前胸壁和侧胸壁手术的麻醉程序，也可以作为创伤或其他引起该区域疼痛的疾病后的镇痛治疗。在COVID-19大流行的时代，对于有SARS-CoV-2相关呼吸窘迫症状的患者,超声引导筋膜平面阻滞是麻醉的安全替代方案,并且似乎可以降低医务人员感染COVID-19的风险.
