Abstract：
The eco-efficiency of rice production is an important indicator in the measurement of sustainable rice development. Scientific evaluation of the eco-efficiency of rice production facilitates accurate evaluation of the real level of rice ecosystems to realize efficient utilization of agricultural resources. This paper measured the eco-efficiency of farms growing rice using both the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods based on survey data from 370 farms mainly growing rice conducted in 2020 in the Hubei Province, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Then, sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis were carried out on the comprehensive index of the rice environmental impact and eco-efficiency of rice production, respectively. The results indicate that the comprehensive index of the rice environmental impact was 2.0971. Water toxicity, soil toxicity and eutrophication were the main influencing factors. The mean value of the eco-efficiency reached 0.51. More specifically, the proportion of farms in the low-, middle- and high-efficiency groups was 87.03%, 1.89% and 11.08%, respectively, with mean values up to 0.42, 0.86 and 1.14, respectively. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the pesticide sensitivity was higher than the fertilizer sensitivity in terms of the environmental impact sensitivity of rice systems. When comprehensively considering environmental and economic benefits, the fertilizer sensitivity was higher than that of pesticides. Moreover, reducing the application of both fertilizers and pesticides by 50% could promote the eco-efficiency of rice production systems by 6%, and the value could reach 0.54. Thus, reducing the application of fertilizers and pesticides and improving the utilization efficiency are effective ways to improve green rice production.
摘要：
水稻生产的生态效率是衡量水稻可持续发展的重要指标。科学评价水稻生产的生态效率有利于准确评价水稻生态系统的真实水平,实现农业资源的高效利用。本文基于湖北省2020年370个主要种植水稻的农场的调查数据，使用生命周期评估（LCA）和数据包络分析（DEA）方法测量了种植水稻的农场的生态效率。中国长江中游。然后，对水稻环境影响综合指数和水稻生产生态效率进行了敏感性分析和情景分析,分别。结果表明,水稻环境影响综合指数为2.0971。水毒性,土壤毒性和富营养化是主要影响因素。生态效率的平均值达到0.51。更具体地说,低收入农场的比例，中高效组为87.03%,1.89%和11.08%，分别,平均值分别高达0.42、0.86和1.14。敏感性分析表明，就水稻系统的环境影响敏感性而言，农药敏感性高于肥料敏感性。在综合考虑环境效益和经济效益时，肥料敏感性高于农药。此外，将化肥和农药的施用减少50%，可以将水稻生产系统的生态效率提高6%，值可以达到0.54。因此，减少化肥和农药的施用，提高利用效率是提高绿色水稻生产的有效途径。
