Abstract：
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains a significant cause of both mild infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis and more severe manifestations such as bacteremia, pneumonia, and invasive pneumococcal disease. Several key serotypes have been targeted in vaccine development due to their association with increased infectivity. Pneumococcal vaccines are available in two formulations, the unconjugated purified polysaccharide (PPSV) and the conjugated formulation (PCV), which leads to a more robust and prolonged immune response. There have been dramatic reductions in mortality attributed to invasive pneumococcal disease over the past 2 decades due to improved vaccination rates and improved serotype coverage with the existing arsenal of vaccines (PCV13 and PPSV23). Utilizing both conjugate and purified polysaccharide modalities in series has produced greater and lasting immunity. The development of both the PCV15 and the PCV20 vaccines provides an opportunity to use conjugated vaccines against a wider spectrum of pneumococcal serotypes. National guidelines have been updated to incorporate the new pneumococcal vaccines into clinical practice.
摘要：
肺炎链球菌（肺炎球菌）仍然是轻度感染如中耳炎的重要原因，鼻窦炎,支气管炎和更严重的表现，如菌血症，肺炎,和侵袭性肺炎球菌病。几种关键血清型由于其与增加的感染性相关而在疫苗开发中成为目标。肺炎球菌疫苗有两种配方，未缀合的纯化多糖(PPSV)和缀合的制剂(PCV)，从而导致更强大和更长时间的免疫反应。在过去的20年中，由于疫苗接种率的提高和现有疫苗（PCV13和PPSV23）的血清型覆盖率的提高，导致侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的死亡率急剧下降。串联使用缀合物和纯化的多糖方式产生了更大且持久的免疫力。PCV15和PCV20疫苗的开发提供了使用针对更广谱肺炎球菌血清型的缀合疫苗的机会。国家指南已经更新，将新的肺炎球菌疫苗纳入临床实践。
