Abstract：
The international fire service community is actively engaged in a wide range of activities focused on development, testing, and implementation of effective approaches to reduce exposure to contaminants and the related cancer risk. However, these activities are often viewed independent of each other and in the absence of the larger overall effort of occupational health risk mitigation. This narrative review synthesizes the current research on fire service contamination control in the context of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Hierarchy of Controls, a framework that supports decision making around implementing feasible and effective control solutions in occupational settings. Using this approach, we identify evidence-based measures that have been investigated and that can be implemented to protect firefighters during an emergency response, in the fire apparatus and at the fire station, and identify several knowledge gaps that remain. While a great deal of research and development has been focused on improving personal protective equipment for the various risks faced by the fire service, these measures are considered less effective. Administrative and engineering controls that can be used during and after the firefight have also received increased research interest in recent years. However, less research and development have been focused on higher level control measures such as engineering, substitution, and elimination, which may be the most effective, but are challenging to implement. A comprehensive approach that considers each level of control and how it can be implemented, and that is mindful of the need to balance contamination risk reduction against the fire service mission to save lives and protect property, is likely to be the most effective.
摘要：
国际消防界积极参与以发展为重点的广泛活动,测试,并实施有效的方法来减少接触污染物和相关的癌症风险。然而,这些活动通常被视为彼此独立，并且没有更大的整体工作来减轻职业健康风险。这篇叙述性综述综合了在国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）控制层次背景下对消防污染控制的当前研究，一个框架，支持围绕在职业环境中实施可行和有效的控制解决方案的决策。使用这种方法，我们确定了基于证据的措施，这些措施已经过调查，可以在应急响应期间实施以保护消防员，在消防设备和消防站，并确定仍然存在的几个知识差距。尽管大量的研究和开发都集中在改善个人防护设备，以应对消防服务面临的各种风险，这些措施被认为不太有效。近年来，可以在交火期间和之后使用的行政和工程控制也受到了越来越多的研究兴趣。然而,较少的研究和开发集中在更高水平的控制措施上，如工程，替换,消除,这可能是最有效的，但实施起来很有挑战性。全面的方法，考虑每个级别的控制以及如何实施，考虑到需要平衡减少污染风险与拯救生命和保护财产的消防任务，可能是最有效的。
