Abstract：
In recent years, the medical field had significantly progressed to a greater extent which was evidenced with increased life expectancy and decreased mortality rate. Due to the growth of medical field, numerous communicable diseases are prevented and eradicated, whereas the non-communicable disease incidence has been increased globally. One such non-communicable disease which threatens the global population is stroke. Stroke tends to be the second leading cause of death and disability in older population. In lower- and middle-income countries, increased incidence rate of stroke was also evidenced in younger population which is alarming. Lifestyle changes, poor physical activity, stress, consumption of alcohol, oral contraception, and smoking tend to be the causative agents of stroke. Since thrombus formation is the major pathology of stroke, drugs were targeted to thrombolysis. Currently thrombolytic, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant therapies were given for the stroke patients. But the recovery rate of stroke patients with available drugs is very slow. Hence, it is a need of today to discover a drug with increased recovery rate and decreased or nil side effects. Phytochemicals are the best options to treat such non-communicable chronic diseases. Visnagin is one such compound which is used to regulate blood pressure, treat kidney stones, tumors of bile duct, renal colic, and whooping cough. It possesses anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective properties; it was also proven to treat epileptic seizures. In this study, the anti-ischemic effect of a furanochrome visnagin was assessed in in vivo rat model. Middle cerebral ischemic/reperfusion was induced in healthy male Sprague Dawley rats and treated with different concentrations of visnagin. The neuroprotective effect of visnagin against cerebral ischemia-induced rats was assessed by analyzing the neurological score, brain edema, infract volume, and Evans blue leakage. The anti-inflammatory property of visnagin was assessed by quantifying proinflammatory cytokines in serum and brain tissues of cerebral ischemia-induced rats. Prostaglandin E-2, COX-2, and NFκ-β were estimated to assess the anti-ischemic effect of visnagin. Histopathological analysis with H&E staining was performed to confirm the neuroprotective effect of visnagin against cerebral ischemia. Our results authentically confirm that visnagin has prevented the inflammation in brain region of cerebral ischemia-induced rats. The neurological scoring and the quantification of PGE-2, COX-2, and NFκ-β prove the anti-ischemic effect of visnagin. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis of hippocampal region provides evidence to the neuroprotective effect of visnagin against cerebral ischemia. Overall, our study confirms visnagin as a potent alternative drug to treat stroke.
摘要：
近年来,医学领域取得了更大程度的显著进步，这证明了预期寿命的增加和死亡率的降低。由于医疗领域的发展,许多传染病得到预防和根除，而非传染性疾病发病率在全球范围内有所增加。一种威胁全球人口的非传染性疾病是中风。中风往往是老年人死亡和残疾的第二大原因。在中低收入国家，在年轻人群中,卒中的发病率也增加,这令人担忧.生活方式的改变，体力活动差,压力，饮酒,口服避孕药,吸烟往往是中风的病原体。由于血栓形成是中风的主要病理,药物靶向溶栓。目前溶栓，抗血小板,并对卒中患者给予抗凝治疗。但可用药物治疗中风患者的恢复速度非常慢。因此，今天需要发现一种具有提高的回收率和减少或无副作用的药物。植物化学品是治疗此类非传染性慢性疾病的最佳选择。Visnagin是一种用于调节血压的化合物，治疗肾结石，胆管肿瘤，肾绞痛,还有百日咳.它具有抗炎作用，神经保护,和心脏保护特性；它也被证明可以治疗癫痫发作。在这项研究中,在体内大鼠模型中评估了呋喃色素visnagin的抗缺血作用。在健康雄性SpragueDawley大鼠中诱导大脑中缺血/再灌注，并用不同浓度的visnagin处理。通过分析神经评分评价visnagin对脑缺血大鼠的神经保护作用。脑水肿,违规卷，和埃文斯蓝泄漏。通过定量测定脑缺血大鼠血清和脑组织中的促炎细胞因子来评估visnagin的抗炎特性。对前列腺素E-2、COX-2和NFκ-β进行了评估，以评估粘液肽的抗缺血作用。用H&E染色进行组织病理学分析,以证实visnagin对脑缺血的神经保护作用。我们的结果真实地证实了visnagin可以预防脑缺血诱发大鼠脑区的炎症。神经评分和PGE-2，COX-2和NFκ-β的定量证明了visnagin的抗缺血作用。此外，海马区的组织病理学分析为visnagin对脑缺血的神经保护作用提供了证据。总的来说,我们的研究证实visnagin是治疗卒中的有效替代药物.
