Abstract：
Excessive use of synthetic fertilizers cause economic burdens, increasing soil, water and atmospheric pollution. Nano-fertilizers have shown great potential for their sustainable uses in soil fertility, crop production and with minimum or no environmental tradeoffs. Nano-fertilizers are of submicroscopic sizes, have a large surface area to volume ratio, can have nutrient encapsulation, and greater mobility hence they may increase plant nutrient access and crop yield. Due to these properties, nano-fertilizers are regarded as deliverable \'smart system of nutrients\'. However, the problems in the agroecosystem are broader than existing developments. For example, nutrient delivery in different physicochemical properties of soils, moisture, and other agro-ecological conditions is still a challenge. In this context, the present review provides an overview of various uses of nanotechnology in agriculture, preference of nano-fertilizers over the conventional fertilizers, nano particles formation, mobility, and role in heterogeneous soils, with special emphasis on the development and use of chitosan-based nano-fertilizers.
摘要：
过度使用合成肥料造成经济负担,增加土壤,水和大气污染。纳米肥料在土壤肥力的可持续使用方面显示出巨大的潜力，作物生产和最小或没有环境权衡。纳米肥料是亚微观尺寸的，具有大的表面积与体积比，可以有营养封装，和更大的流动性，因此它们可以增加植物养分获取和作物产量。由于这些属性，纳米肥料被认为是可交付的“智能营养系统”。然而,农业生态系统中的问题比现有的发展更广泛。例如,土壤不同理化性质中的养分输送，水分,和其他农业生态条件仍然是一个挑战。在这种情况下，本综述概述了纳米技术在农业中的各种用途，纳米肥料优先于常规肥料，纳米颗粒的形成，移动性,以及在异质土壤中的作用，特别强调壳聚糖基纳米肥料的开发和使用。
