Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Conflict reduces availability of production input and income, increases the number of days households had to rely on less preferred foods, and limits the variety of foods eaten and the portion size of meals consumed. While existing studies examine the impact of conflict on different food security measures (e.g., Food Consumption Score, Food Insecurity Experience Scale), the relationship between these measures as well as their relationship with political, economic, and agricultural factors remain under explored. Food insecurity may not only be an externality of conflict but also food deprivation may be utilized as a weapon to discourage residency in contested territories or to incentivize rebellions.
METHODS: This paper examines the association between political factors (e.g., violence, policies that require permit for passage in one\'s own hometown), economic factors (e.g., loss of assets, unemployment), agricultural factors (e.g., shortage of water, poor weather conditions), and food insecurity experience and dietary diversity in a conflict setting-that of the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). The study employs generalized structural equation models to analyze the \'Survey on socio-economic conditions for Palestinian households 2014\' dataset compiled by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics-which contains a representative sample of the population in the oPt at governorate and locality levels.
RESULTS: We find that in the West Bank, residence in Area C-administered by Israel in both civil and security issues and contains illegal Israeli settlements and outposts-is associated with a higher level of agricultural hardship (p < 0.01) but lower economic hardship (p < 0.01) and a higher dietary diversity (p < 0.001), as compared to those living outside of Area C. In the Gaza Strip, living within one kilometer to a buffer zone is associated with lower dietary diversity (p < 0.01), higher level of political hardship (p < 0.01), and higher level food insecurity experience (p < 0.01) compared to not living in close proximity to a buffer zone. Concomitantly, in the Gaza Strip, food insecurity experience is associated with approximately a one-point reduction in dietary diversity as measured by the food consumption score (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that broader socio-political conditions in the oPt impact different aspects of food security through augmenting the economic and agricultural hardships that are experienced by the residents. As such, it is important to address these broader political and economic structures in order to have more sustainable interventions in reducing food insecurity.
METHODS: This paper examines the association between political factors (e.g., violence, policies that require permit for passage in one\'s own hometown), economic factors (e.g., loss of assets, unemployment), agricultural factors (e.g., shortage of water, poor weather conditions), and food insecurity experience and dietary diversity in a conflict setting-that of the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). The study employs generalized structural equation models to analyze the \'Survey on socio-economic conditions for Palestinian households 2014\' dataset compiled by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics-which contains a representative sample of the population in the oPt at governorate and locality levels.
RESULTS: We find that in the West Bank, residence in Area C-administered by Israel in both civil and security issues and contains illegal Israeli settlements and outposts-is associated with a higher level of agricultural hardship (p < 0.01) but lower economic hardship (p < 0.01) and a higher dietary diversity (p < 0.001), as compared to those living outside of Area C. In the Gaza Strip, living within one kilometer to a buffer zone is associated with lower dietary diversity (p < 0.01), higher level of political hardship (p < 0.01), and higher level food insecurity experience (p < 0.01) compared to not living in close proximity to a buffer zone. Concomitantly, in the Gaza Strip, food insecurity experience is associated with approximately a one-point reduction in dietary diversity as measured by the food consumption score (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that broader socio-political conditions in the oPt impact different aspects of food security through augmenting the economic and agricultural hardships that are experienced by the residents. As such, it is important to address these broader political and economic structures in order to have more sustainable interventions in reducing food insecurity.
摘要：
背景：冲突降低了生产投入和收入的可用性，增加了家庭不得不依赖不太喜欢的食物的天数，并限制了所吃食物的种类和所吃食物的份量。虽然现有研究审查了冲突对不同粮食安全措施的影响(例如，食物消耗评分,粮食不安全体验量表)，这些措施之间的关系以及它们与政治的关系，经济,农业因素仍在探索中。粮食不安全不仅可能是冲突的外部因素，而且粮食匮乏也可能被用作阻止在有争议的领土上居住或煽动叛乱的武器。
方法：本文研究了政治因素之间的关联(例如，暴力,需要在自己的家乡获得通行证的政策)，经济因素(例如，资产损失，失业)，农业因素(例如，缺水,恶劣的天气条件)，在被占领的巴勒斯坦领土(巴勒斯坦被占领土)的冲突背景下，粮食不安全经历和饮食多样性。该研究采用了广义结构方程模型来分析由巴勒斯坦中央统计局编制的“2014年巴勒斯坦家庭社会经济状况调查”数据集，该数据集包含了省和地方层面的人口代表性样本。
结果：我们发现在西岸，居住在C区-由以色列在民事和安全问题上管理，并包含非法的以色列定居点和前哨-与更高的农业困难水平（p<0.01），但较低的经济困难（p<0.01）和更高的饮食多样性（p<0.001），与居住在加沙地带C区以外的人相比，生活在缓冲区一公里范围内的饮食多样性较低(p<0.01)，政治困难水平较高(p<0.01)，和更高水平的粮食不安全经验（p<0.01）相比，没有生活在靠近缓冲区。同时，在加沙地带,食物不安全经历与膳食多样性减少约1分相关,以食物消费评分衡量(p<0.01).
结论：结果表明，巴勒斯坦被占领土更广泛的社会政治条件通过增加居民所经历的经济和农业困难来影响粮食安全的不同方面。因此，重要的是要解决这些更广泛的政治和经济结构，以便在减少粮食不安全方面采取更可持续的干预措施。
方法：本文研究了政治因素之间的关联(例如，暴力,需要在自己的家乡获得通行证的政策)，经济因素(例如，资产损失，失业)，农业因素(例如，缺水,恶劣的天气条件)，在被占领的巴勒斯坦领土(巴勒斯坦被占领土)的冲突背景下，粮食不安全经历和饮食多样性。该研究采用了广义结构方程模型来分析由巴勒斯坦中央统计局编制的“2014年巴勒斯坦家庭社会经济状况调查”数据集，该数据集包含了省和地方层面的人口代表性样本。
结果：我们发现在西岸，居住在C区-由以色列在民事和安全问题上管理，并包含非法的以色列定居点和前哨-与更高的农业困难水平（p<0.01），但较低的经济困难（p<0.01）和更高的饮食多样性（p<0.001），与居住在加沙地带C区以外的人相比，生活在缓冲区一公里范围内的饮食多样性较低(p<0.01)，政治困难水平较高(p<0.01)，和更高水平的粮食不安全经验（p<0.01）相比，没有生活在靠近缓冲区。同时，在加沙地带,食物不安全经历与膳食多样性减少约1分相关,以食物消费评分衡量(p<0.01).
结论：结果表明，巴勒斯坦被占领土更广泛的社会政治条件通过增加居民所经历的经济和农业困难来影响粮食安全的不同方面。因此，重要的是要解决这些更广泛的政治和经济结构，以便在减少粮食不安全方面采取更可持续的干预措施。
