Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence, short- and long-term impact of exercise on blood pressure, and the evaluation and treatment of hypertension in competitive athletes.
RESULTS: Due, in part, to inconsistencies in measurement and the definitions used, the true prevalence of hypertension is unknown as reports range from 0 to 83%. With recent changes in the blood pressure guidelines, the proportion of athletes that meet criteria for elevated blood pressure or stage 1 hypertension has increased dramatically with over one-third of collegiate and professional athletes meeting criteria for hypertension. Data consistently show that American-style football players, particularly linemen, display the highest rates of hypertension. These athletes typically have a larger body mass index, higher body fat percentage, and weight gain in serial follow-up. Many athletes with hypertension have traditional risk factors, and, to date, there is no evidence of a causal relationship between long-term sport participation and increased risk of developing hypertension. Many more athletes now meet criteria for hypertension, given the updated blood pressure guidelines. This should be taken as an opportunity for early intervention, as athletes are not immune to the development of cardiovascular risk factors and disease.
RESULTS: Due, in part, to inconsistencies in measurement and the definitions used, the true prevalence of hypertension is unknown as reports range from 0 to 83%. With recent changes in the blood pressure guidelines, the proportion of athletes that meet criteria for elevated blood pressure or stage 1 hypertension has increased dramatically with over one-third of collegiate and professional athletes meeting criteria for hypertension. Data consistently show that American-style football players, particularly linemen, display the highest rates of hypertension. These athletes typically have a larger body mass index, higher body fat percentage, and weight gain in serial follow-up. Many athletes with hypertension have traditional risk factors, and, to date, there is no evidence of a causal relationship between long-term sport participation and increased risk of developing hypertension. Many more athletes now meet criteria for hypertension, given the updated blood pressure guidelines. This should be taken as an opportunity for early intervention, as athletes are not immune to the development of cardiovascular risk factors and disease.
摘要：
目的：回顾患病率，运动对血压的短期和长期影响，以及竞技运动员高血压的评估和治疗。
结果：到期，在某种程度上,测量和使用的定义不一致，高血压的真实患病率未知,报告范围为0~83%.随着最近血压指南的变化，符合高血压或1期高血压标准的运动员比例急剧增加,超过三分之一的大学和专业运动员符合高血压标准.数据一致表明，美式足球运动员，尤其是巡线员，显示高血压的最高比率。这些运动员通常有较大的身体质量指数，更高的身体脂肪百分比，和连续随访中的体重增加。许多患有高血压的运动员有传统的危险因素，and,到目前为止,没有证据表明长期参与运动与高血压发病风险增加之间存在因果关系.现在有更多的运动员符合高血压的标准，根据最新的血压指南。应将此作为早期干预的契机,因为运动员不能幸免于心血管危险因素和疾病的发展。
结果：到期，在某种程度上,测量和使用的定义不一致，高血压的真实患病率未知,报告范围为0~83%.随着最近血压指南的变化，符合高血压或1期高血压标准的运动员比例急剧增加,超过三分之一的大学和专业运动员符合高血压标准.数据一致表明，美式足球运动员，尤其是巡线员，显示高血压的最高比率。这些运动员通常有较大的身体质量指数，更高的身体脂肪百分比，和连续随访中的体重增加。许多患有高血压的运动员有传统的危险因素，and,到目前为止,没有证据表明长期参与运动与高血压发病风险增加之间存在因果关系.现在有更多的运动员符合高血压的标准，根据最新的血压指南。应将此作为早期干预的契机,因为运动员不能幸免于心血管危险因素和疾病的发展。
