Abstract：
The aim of our paper is to present and discuss in detail the bony changes indicative of tuberculosis (TB) that were identified in a skeleton (KB67), unearthed from grave 67 of the 8th-century-CE cemetery of Kaba-Bitózug (Hungary). Furthermore, to provide the differential diagnoses of the observed alterations, with special attention to the cranial osteolytic lesions. During the macro- and micromorphological examinations of KB67, the skull revealed three small, well-circumscribed, punched-out osteolytic lesions accompanied by endocranial granular impressions, abnormal blood vessel impressions, periosteal appositions, and cortical erosion. The postcranial skeleton exhibited osteolytic lesions, cortical remodelling and erosion, and signs of hypervascularisation in the spine. Based on the differential diagnosis of the cranial osteolytic lesions and their co-occurrence with endocranial and vertebral bony changes indicative of TB, they most likely resulted from tuberculous involvement of the frontal and left parietal bones. The morphologically established diagnosis was confirmed by a PCR analysis that provided evidence for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in KB67. KB67, the first reported archaeological case with calvarial TB from the present-day territory of Hungary, gives us a unique insight into the occurrence of a rare manifestation of TB in the Avar Age of the Great Plain.
摘要：
本文的目的是详细介绍和讨论骨骼（KB67）中确定的指示结核病（TB）的骨骼变化，从8世纪CEKaba-Bitózug（匈牙利）墓地的67号坟墓中出土。此外，为了提供观察到的改变的鉴别诊断，特别注意颅骨溶骨性病变。在KB67的宏观和微观形态学检查中，头骨显示出三个小的，界限分明,穿孔性溶骨性病变伴有颅内颗粒印象，血管异常,骨膜并置，和皮质侵蚀。颅后骨骼表现出溶骨性病变，皮质重塑和侵蚀，和脊柱血管过度化的迹象。基于颅骨溶骨性病变的鉴别诊断及其与指示结核病的颅内和椎体骨改变的同时发生，它们很可能是由于前骨和左顶骨的结核性受累所致。通过PCR分析证实了形态学上确定的诊断，该分析提供了KB67中结核分枝杆菌DNA存在的证据。KB67是匈牙利现今领土上首例报告的颅骨结核考古病例，为我们提供了对大平原阿瓦尔时代结核病罕见表现发生的独特见解。
