Abstract：
The outbreak of the Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic led to a sharp rise in morbidity and hospitalizations, and a significant therapeutic burden fell on intensive care units (ICUs). Intensive care nurses reported physical and emotional stress in response to the extra workload caused by caring for critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, at the time of publication of the study, to the best of our knowledge there have been no studies that examined uncertainty, stress, or hope in the context of functioning among intensive care nurses.
To examine: (a) the challenges of operating and managing intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic among nurse managers in intensive care units, and (b) the relationships between uncertainty, stress, burnout, hope, and professional functioning among intensive care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This mixed-methods study was conducted in intensive care units (ICUs) at a large tertiary medical center in Israel, during February-May 2021.
The data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, qualitative data were collected from focus groups attended by 15 senior managerial nurses. The second phase involved a cross-sectional study among 100 staff nurses working in 5 ICUs. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire.
Qualitative data analysis revealed two main themes: (a) challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) positive aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The nurses reported high levels of burnout, emotional stress and uncertainty, but moderate State Hope Scale scores, and moderate levels of professional functioning. There were no statistical differences in study variables by exposure to COVID-19 patients. State Hope Scale levels, uncertainty, and burnout variables contributed significantly and explained 46% of the variance of the professional functioning.
The intensity of the experiences and psych-social phenomena, is not affected by exposure to treatment of COVID-19 patients. The relationships between the study variables emphasize the importance of initiated and ongoing interventions to reduce uncertainty, address burnout, and strengthen hope. Improvement in these indices may lead to better ICU nurses\' professional functioning and their work life well-being.
To examine: (a) the challenges of operating and managing intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic among nurse managers in intensive care units, and (b) the relationships between uncertainty, stress, burnout, hope, and professional functioning among intensive care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This mixed-methods study was conducted in intensive care units (ICUs) at a large tertiary medical center in Israel, during February-May 2021.
The data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, qualitative data were collected from focus groups attended by 15 senior managerial nurses. The second phase involved a cross-sectional study among 100 staff nurses working in 5 ICUs. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire.
Qualitative data analysis revealed two main themes: (a) challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) positive aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The nurses reported high levels of burnout, emotional stress and uncertainty, but moderate State Hope Scale scores, and moderate levels of professional functioning. There were no statistical differences in study variables by exposure to COVID-19 patients. State Hope Scale levels, uncertainty, and burnout variables contributed significantly and explained 46% of the variance of the professional functioning.
The intensity of the experiences and psych-social phenomena, is not affected by exposure to treatment of COVID-19 patients. The relationships between the study variables emphasize the importance of initiated and ongoing interventions to reduce uncertainty, address burnout, and strengthen hope. Improvement in these indices may lead to better ICU nurses\' professional functioning and their work life well-being.
摘要：
冠状病毒（COVID-19）大流行的爆发导致发病率和住院率急剧上升，重症监护病房（ICU）的治疗负担显着下降。重症监护护士报告说，由于照顾重症COVID-19患者而造成的额外工作量，导致身体和情绪压力。然而,在这项研究发表时，据我们所知，还没有研究过不确定性，压力，或希望在重症监护护士中发挥作用。
研究：(a)重症监护病房护士管理人员在COVID-19大流行期间经营和管理重症监护病房的挑战，和(B)不确定性之间的关系，压力，倦怠,希望,以及COVID-19大流行期间重症监护护士的专业功能。
这项混合方法研究是在以色列一家大型三级医疗中心的重症监护病房（ICU）进行的，2021年2月至5月。
分两个阶段收集数据。在第一阶段,从15名高级管理护士参加的焦点小组收集了定性数据.第二阶段涉及在5个ICU工作的100名工作人员护士中的横断面研究。使用结构化问卷收集数据。
定性数据分析揭示了两个主要主题：（a）COVID-19大流行的挑战和（b）COVID-19大流行的积极方面。护士报告说职业倦怠程度很高，情绪压力和不确定性，但是州希望量表得分适中，和中等水平的专业功能。暴露于COVID-19患者的研究变量没有统计学差异。州希望量表水平，不确定性,职业倦怠变量的贡献显着，并解释了46％的专业功能差异。
体验和心理社会现象的强度，不受暴露于COVID-19患者治疗的影响。研究变量之间的关系强调了启动和持续干预对减少不确定性的重要性，地址倦怠，增强希望。这些指标的改善可能会导致更好的ICU护士的专业功能和他们的工作生活福祉。
研究：(a)重症监护病房护士管理人员在COVID-19大流行期间经营和管理重症监护病房的挑战，和(B)不确定性之间的关系，压力，倦怠,希望,以及COVID-19大流行期间重症监护护士的专业功能。
这项混合方法研究是在以色列一家大型三级医疗中心的重症监护病房（ICU）进行的，2021年2月至5月。
分两个阶段收集数据。在第一阶段,从15名高级管理护士参加的焦点小组收集了定性数据.第二阶段涉及在5个ICU工作的100名工作人员护士中的横断面研究。使用结构化问卷收集数据。
定性数据分析揭示了两个主要主题：（a）COVID-19大流行的挑战和（b）COVID-19大流行的积极方面。护士报告说职业倦怠程度很高，情绪压力和不确定性，但是州希望量表得分适中，和中等水平的专业功能。暴露于COVID-19患者的研究变量没有统计学差异。州希望量表水平，不确定性,职业倦怠变量的贡献显着，并解释了46％的专业功能差异。
体验和心理社会现象的强度，不受暴露于COVID-19患者治疗的影响。研究变量之间的关系强调了启动和持续干预对减少不确定性的重要性，地址倦怠，增强希望。这些指标的改善可能会导致更好的ICU护士的专业功能和他们的工作生活福祉。
