Abstract：
Plastic wastes are produced in a large amount everywhere, and are commonly disposed in landfills. So landfill leachate seems an obvious source of microplastics (MPs) and phthalate esters (PAEs) due to a huge usage as plastic additives and plasticizers. But this issue still lacks attention and the present study provides the first information on the levels of MPs and PAEs in the fresh landfill leachate of Bushehr port during different seasons. The mean levels of MPs and PAEs in the fresh leachate in all seasons were 79.16 items/L and 3.27 mg/L, respectively. Also, the mean levels of PAEs in MPs were 48.33 μg/g. A statistically significant difference was detected in the levels of MPs and PAEs among different seasons with the highest values in summer and fall. MPs with a size of >1000 μm had the highest abundance in all seasons. The most prominent shape, color, and type of MPs in the leachate were fibers black, and nylon, respectively. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the most dominant PAEs present in the leachate samples. The results of this study revealed high hazard index (HI) and pollution load index (PLI) of MPs in all seasons. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP), DEHP, DBP, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) represented a high risk to the sensitive organisms. The results of this study showed that significant levels of MPs and PAEs may release into the surrounding environment from the landfill sites without sufficient protection. This issue is more critical when the landfill sites in particular are located near the marine environments like the Bushehr landfill that is located near the Persian Gulf, which can lead to serious environmental problems. Thus permanent control and monitor of landfills, especially in the coastal areas are highly needed to prevent further pollution.
摘要：
塑料垃圾在各地大量产生，通常被安置在垃圾填埋场。因此，垃圾渗滤液似乎是微塑料（MPs）和邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的明显来源，因为它作为塑料添加剂和增塑剂的大量使用。但是这个问题仍然缺乏关注，本研究提供了有关布什尔港口不同季节新鲜垃圾渗滤液中MP和PAEs水平的初步信息。各季节新鲜渗滤液中MPs和PAEs的平均水平分别为79.16项/L和3.27mg/L,分别。此外，MPs中PAEs的平均水平为48.33μg/g。在不同季节中，MPs和PAEs的水平存在统计学上的显着差异，其中夏季和秋季的值最高。大小>1000μm的MP在所有季节中都具有最高的丰度。最突出的形状，颜色,渗滤液中的MP类型是黑色纤维，和尼龙,分别。邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）是渗滤液样品中存在的最主要的PAEs。这项研究的结果表明，在所有季节中，MP的危害指数（HI）和污染负荷指数（PLI）都很高。邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP),DEHP,DBP,邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP),邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP),邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）对敏感生物具有很高的风险。这项研究的结果表明，在没有足够保护的情况下，大量的MP和PAEs可能会从垃圾填埋场释放到周围环境中。特别是当垃圾填埋场位于海洋环境附近时，这个问题更加严重，例如位于波斯湾附近的布什尔垃圾填埋场，这可能导致严重的环境问题。因此，永久控制和监测垃圾填埋场，特别是在沿海地区，非常需要防止进一步的污染。
