PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Single-molecule techniques have shifted the paradigm of biological measurements from ensemble measurements to probing individual molecules and propelled a rapid revolution in related fields. Compared to ensemble measurements of biomolecules, single-molecule techniques provide a breadth of information with a high spatial and temporal resolution at the molecular level. Usually, optical and electrical methods are two commonly employed methods for probing single molecules, and some platforms even offer the integration of these two methods such as optofluidics. The recent spark in technological advancement and the tremendous leap in fabrication techniques, microfluidics, and integrated optofluidics are paving the way toward low cost, chip-scale, portable, and point-of-care diagnostic and single-molecule analysis tools. This review provides the fundamentals and overview of commonly employed single-molecule methods including optical methods, electrical methods, force-based methods, combinatorial integrated methods, etc. In most single-molecule experiments, the ability to manipulate and exercise precise control over individual molecules plays a vital role, which sometimes defines the capabilities and limits of the operation. This review discusses different manipulation techniques including sorting and trapping individual particles. An insight into the control of single molecules is provided that mainly discusses the recent development of electrical control over single molecules. Overall, this review is designed to provide the fundamentals and recent advancements in different single-molecule techniques and their applications, with a special focus on the detection, manipulation, and control of single molecules on chip-scale devices.
摘要：
单分子技术已经将生物测量的范式从整体测量转变为探测单个分子，并推动了相关领域的快速革命。与生物分子的整体测量相比，单分子技术在分子水平上提供了具有高空间和时间分辨率的广泛信息。通常,光学和电学方法是探测单分子的两种常用方法，一些平台甚至提供了这两种方法的集成，如光流体。最近技术进步的火花和制造技术的巨大飞跃，微流体,集成光流控技术正在为低成本铺平道路，芯片级，便携式，和即时诊断和单分子分析工具。这篇综述提供了常用的单分子方法的基本原理和概述，包括光学方法，电气方法，基于力的方法，组合集成方法，等。在大多数单分子实验中,操纵和精确控制单个分子的能力起着至关重要的作用，它有时定义了操作的能力和限制。这篇综述讨论了不同的操作技术，包括分选和捕获单个颗粒。提供了对单分子控制的见解，主要讨论了单分子电气控制的最新发展。总的来说,这篇综述旨在提供不同单分子技术及其应用的基本原理和最新进展，特别关注检测，操纵,以及在芯片级设备上控制单分子。
