Abstract：
Multiple lines of evidence support an immunologic response along with inflammation to be implicated in the pathophysiology of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the signaling molecules in the vitreous and subretinal fluid (SRF) involved in these processes. A detailed literature search was performed in PubMed database until November 2021. We identified all papers referring to inflammatory and immunological mediators in the context of primary RRD and in cases complicated by PVR. We analyzed prospective and retrospective cohort studies and reference lists of the retrieved articles. A comprehensive investigation of immunological and inflammatory responses provides significant evidence for the implication of varying signaling molecules in the pathophysiology of RRD and the development of PVR. The reviewed series has revealed that disruption of the normal equilibrium during these processes may be present in the vitreous and SRF of these eyes. The precise role of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the pathophysiology of these disorders remains to be clearly elucidated. Overall, immunological and inflammatory signaling molecules are widely implicated in both primary RRD and PVR. The reviewed literature indicates that precise knowledge concerning the pathological milieu sheds light on the underlying pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets and highlights unmet needs to be addressed by future research.
摘要：
多种证据支持免疫反应以及炎症与原发性孔源性视网膜脱离（RRD）的病理生理学和增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）的发展有关。这篇综述的目的是提供与这些过程有关的玻璃体和视网膜下液（SRF）中信号分子的最新信息。在PubMed数据库中进行了详细的文献检索，直到2021年11月。我们确定了在原发性RRD和PVR并发病例中涉及炎症和免疫介质的所有论文。我们分析了前瞻性和回顾性队列研究以及检索到的文章的参考列表。对免疫和炎症反应的全面研究为不同信号分子在RRD的病理生理学和PVR的发展中的意义提供了重要证据。审查的系列显示，这些过程中正常平衡的破坏可能存在于这些眼睛的玻璃体和SRF中。细胞因子的确切作用，趋化因子,这些疾病的病理生理学中的生长因子仍有待清楚阐明。总的来说,免疫和炎症信号分子广泛参与原发性RRD和PVR。综述的文献表明，有关病理环境的精确知识揭示了潜在的病理生理学和潜在的治疗靶标，并强调了未来研究尚未满足的需求。
