Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies can transmit various Trypanosoma spp. that cause trypanosomiasis in humans, wild animals, and domestic animals. Amplicon deep sequencing of the 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene can be used to detect mammalian tsetse hosts, and the 18S rRNA gene can be used to detect all associated eukaryotic pathogens, including Trypanosoma spp.
METHODS: Tsetse flies were collected from the Serengeti National Park (n = 48), Maswa Game Reserve (n = 42), and Tarangire National Park (n = 49) in Tanzania in 2012-13. Amplicon deep sequencing targeting mammal-specific 12S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes was performed to screen the blood-feeding sources of tsetse flies and eukaryotic parasites in tsetse flies, respectively.
RESULTS: 12S rRNA gene deep sequencing revealed that various mammals were blood-feeding sources of the tsetse flies, including humans, common warthogs, African buffalos, mice, giraffes, African elephants, waterbucks, and lions. Genes of humans were less frequently detected in Serengeti (P = 0.0024), whereas African buffaloes were detected more frequently as a blood-feeding source (P = 0.0010). 18S rRNA gene deep sequencing showed that six tsetse samples harbored the Trypanosoma gene, which was identified as Trypanosoma godfreyi and Trypanosoma simiae in subsequent ITS1 gene sequencing.
CONCLUSIONS: Through amplicon deep sequencing targeting the 12S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes, various mammalian animals were identified as blood-meal sources, and two Trypanosoma species were detected in tsetse flies collected from the Maswa Game Reserve, Serengeti National Park, and Tarangire National Park in Tanzania. This study illustrates the patterns of parasitism of tsetse fly, wild animals targeted by the fly, and Trypanosoma spp. carried by the fly in Tanzania. It may provide essential data for formulating better strategies to control African trypanosomes.
METHODS: Tsetse flies were collected from the Serengeti National Park (n = 48), Maswa Game Reserve (n = 42), and Tarangire National Park (n = 49) in Tanzania in 2012-13. Amplicon deep sequencing targeting mammal-specific 12S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes was performed to screen the blood-feeding sources of tsetse flies and eukaryotic parasites in tsetse flies, respectively.
RESULTS: 12S rRNA gene deep sequencing revealed that various mammals were blood-feeding sources of the tsetse flies, including humans, common warthogs, African buffalos, mice, giraffes, African elephants, waterbucks, and lions. Genes of humans were less frequently detected in Serengeti (P = 0.0024), whereas African buffaloes were detected more frequently as a blood-feeding source (P = 0.0010). 18S rRNA gene deep sequencing showed that six tsetse samples harbored the Trypanosoma gene, which was identified as Trypanosoma godfreyi and Trypanosoma simiae in subsequent ITS1 gene sequencing.
CONCLUSIONS: Through amplicon deep sequencing targeting the 12S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes, various mammalian animals were identified as blood-meal sources, and two Trypanosoma species were detected in tsetse flies collected from the Maswa Game Reserve, Serengeti National Park, and Tarangire National Park in Tanzania. This study illustrates the patterns of parasitism of tsetse fly, wild animals targeted by the fly, and Trypanosoma spp. carried by the fly in Tanzania. It may provide essential data for formulating better strategies to control African trypanosomes.
摘要：
背景：舌蝇可以传播各种锥虫。导致人类锥虫病，野生动物,和家畜。12S核糖体RNA（rRNA）基因的扩增子深度测序可用于检测哺乳动物采采蝇宿主，18SrRNA基因可用于检测所有相关的真核病原体，包括锥虫。
方法：从塞伦盖蒂国家公园收集采采蝇（n=48），Maswa游戏储备（n=42），2012-13年在坦桑尼亚的塔兰吉雷国家公园（n=49）。进行了针对哺乳动物特异性12SrRNA和18SrRNA基因的扩增子深度测序，以筛选采采蝇和采采蝇中真核寄生虫的采血来源，分别。
结果：12SrRNA基因深度测序显示，各种哺乳动物是采采蝇的采血源，包括人类,普通的疣猪，非洲水牛,老鼠,长颈鹿,非洲大象,Waterbucks,和狮子。人类基因在塞伦盖蒂的检测频率较低(P=0.0024)，而非洲水牛被检测为更频繁的血液来源（P=0.0010）。18SrRNA基因深度测序显示,6份采采蝇样本中含有锥虫基因,在随后的ITS1基因测序中被鉴定为godfreyi锥虫和猿猴锥虫。
结论：通过针对12SrRNA和18SrRNA基因的扩增子深度测序，各种哺乳动物被确定为血粉来源，从Maswa野生动物保护区收集的采采蝇中检测到两种锥虫，塞伦盖蒂国家公园,和坦桑尼亚的塔兰吉雷国家公园。这项研究说明了采采蝇的寄生模式，被苍蝇瞄准的野生动物,和锥虫属。在坦桑尼亚由苍蝇携带。它可能为制定更好的控制非洲锥虫的策略提供必要的数据。
方法：从塞伦盖蒂国家公园收集采采蝇（n=48），Maswa游戏储备（n=42），2012-13年在坦桑尼亚的塔兰吉雷国家公园（n=49）。进行了针对哺乳动物特异性12SrRNA和18SrRNA基因的扩增子深度测序，以筛选采采蝇和采采蝇中真核寄生虫的采血来源，分别。
结果：12SrRNA基因深度测序显示，各种哺乳动物是采采蝇的采血源，包括人类,普通的疣猪，非洲水牛,老鼠,长颈鹿,非洲大象,Waterbucks,和狮子。人类基因在塞伦盖蒂的检测频率较低(P=0.0024)，而非洲水牛被检测为更频繁的血液来源（P=0.0010）。18SrRNA基因深度测序显示,6份采采蝇样本中含有锥虫基因,在随后的ITS1基因测序中被鉴定为godfreyi锥虫和猿猴锥虫。
结论：通过针对12SrRNA和18SrRNA基因的扩增子深度测序，各种哺乳动物被确定为血粉来源，从Maswa野生动物保护区收集的采采蝇中检测到两种锥虫，塞伦盖蒂国家公园,和坦桑尼亚的塔兰吉雷国家公园。这项研究说明了采采蝇的寄生模式，被苍蝇瞄准的野生动物,和锥虫属。在坦桑尼亚由苍蝇携带。它可能为制定更好的控制非洲锥虫的策略提供必要的数据。
