Abstract：
To expand our understanding of the epidemiology of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) in China, risk-based active surveillance was undertaken with pigeon swabs collected from live bird markets in 2014-2021. Seventy-six PPMV-1 strains were isolated from 12 provinces (60%) of the 20 provinces surveyed, and the positive rates of PPMV-1 varied from 0.50% to 3.19% annually. The complete genomic sequences of 18 representative viruses were analyzed, revealing a genome of 15,192 nucleotides, with the gene order 3\'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5\'. All isolates contained the 112RRQKRF117 cleavage site in the fusion (F) protein, a characteristic generally associated with virulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), and the intracerebral pathogenicity index values (1.05-1.41) of four isolates indicated their virulence. A challenge experiment also demonstrated that all four isolates are pathogenic to pigeons, with morbidity rates of 60-100% and mortality rates of 0-30%. A further analysis of the functional domains of the F and HN proteins revealed several mutations in the fusion peptide, signal peptide, neutralizing epitopes, heptad repeat region, and transmembrane domains, and the substitution of cysteine residue 25 (C25Y) and substitutions in the HRb region (V287I) of the F protein and the transmembrane domain (V45A) of the HN protein may play important roles in PPMV-1 virulence. In a phylogenetic analysis based on the complete sequences of the F gene, all eighteen isolates all clustered into sub-genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2 (VIb) in class II, and shared high nucleotide sequence identity, indicating that the PPMV-1 strains in sub-genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2 are the predominant PPMV-1 viruses in pigeons in China and that the variations in these viruses have been relatively stable over the past 8 years. This study identifies the genetic and pathogenicity characteristics of the PPMV-1 strains prevalent in China and extends our understanding of the prevalence of this virus in China.
摘要：
为了扩大我们对中国鸽子副粘病毒1型（PPMV-1）流行病学的认识，2014-2021年对从活禽市场收集的鸽子拭子进行了基于风险的主动监测.在所调查的20个省份中,12个省份(60%)分离出PPMV-1菌株76株,PPMV-1的阳性率每年从0.50％到3.19％不等。分析了18种代表性病毒的完整基因组序列，揭示了15192个核苷酸的基因组，基因顺序为3\'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5\'。所有分离株在融合（F）蛋白中都含有112RRQKRF117切割位点，通常与毒力新城疫病毒（NDV）相关的特征，四个分离株的脑内致病性指数值（1.05-1.41）表明其毒力。一项挑战实验还表明，所有四种分离株都对鸽子有致病性，发病率为60-100%，死亡率为0-30%。对F和HN蛋白的功能结构域的进一步分析揭示了融合肽中的几种突变，信号肽，中和表位，七肽重复区，和跨膜结构域，半胱氨酸残基25（C25Y）的取代以及F蛋白HRb区（V287I）和HN蛋白跨膜结构域（V45A）的取代可能在PPMV-1毒力中起重要作用。在基于F基因完整序列的系统发育分析中，所有18个分离株都聚集在II类子基因型VI.2.1.2.2（VIb）中，并共享高核苷酸序列同一性，表明子基因型VI.1.1.1.2.2中的PPMV-1毒株是中国鸽子中的主要PPMV-1病毒，并且这些病毒的变异在过去8年中相对稳定。这项研究确定了在中国流行的PPMV-1株的遗传和致病性特征，并扩展了我们对该病毒在中国流行的认识。
