Abstract：
Exposure to organophosphorus pesticides may lead to reproductive hormone dysfunction. Even among children of pubertal age, the exposure may disrupt growth, development, and maturation. The present study was conducted to assess the alterations in the reproductive hormone levels, among farm women (24-45 years, n = 129) and their children (9-12 years, n = 66 and 13-15 years, n = 63) and compare them with age and gender-matched control group [women (n = 134) and their children (9-12 years, n = 69 and 13-15 years, n = 65)] belonging to villages of Ranga Reddy District, Telangana, India. Blood pesticide residues and reproductive hormone (follicle-stimulating hormone-FSH, luteinizing hormone-LH, estradiol, and testosterone) levels were analyzed. The detected pesticide residues (ng/mL) were chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, and monocrotophos among the farm women, while the farm children of 9-12 years age groups were detected with residues of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, monocrotophos, and phosalone. The farm children of 13-15 years age group were detected with residues of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, monocrotophos, and phosalone. However, no residues were detected among the samples of women and children of control groups. Significantly lower levels of FSH (in follicular phase) were observed among the farm women than the control group. Significant alterations in FSH and LH levels of farm women were observed with a significant correlation between the chlorpyrifos residue levels and estradiol hormone. While no such significant change in hormone levels was observed among the farm children of both age groups of both genders. Though the present study showed pesticide-induced alterations in hormone levels among the farm women, research is needed to elucidate the critical windows during which exposure may adversely affect the reproductive system in children at the pubertal stage and women at reproductive age and subsequently their progeny\'s health at a later stage of life.
摘要：
暴露于有机磷农药可能导致生殖激素功能障碍。即使在青春期的孩子中，暴露可能会破坏生长，发展,和成熟。本研究旨在评估生殖激素水平的变化，在农场妇女中（24-45岁，n=129）和他们的孩子（9-12岁，n=66和13-15年，n=63），并将其与年龄和性别匹配的对照组[妇女（n=134）及其子女（9-12岁，n=69和13-15年，n=65）]属于RangaReddy区的村庄，Telangana,印度。血液农药残留和生殖激素（卵泡刺激素-FSH，黄体生成素-LH,雌二醇,和睾酮）水平进行分析。检测到的农药残留(ng/mL)为毒死蜱，二嗪农,马拉硫磷,和久效磷在农场妇女中，而9-12岁年龄组的农场儿童检测到毒死蜱残留，二嗪农,马拉硫磷,久效磷,还有phosalone.对13-15岁的农场儿童进行毒死蜱残留检测,二嗪农,马拉硫磷,久效磷,还有phosalone.然而,对照组的妇女和儿童样本中没有检测到残留物。农场妇女的FSH水平（在卵泡期）明显低于对照组。观察到农场妇女的FSH和LH水平发生显着变化，毒死rif残留水平与雌二醇激素之间存在显着相关性。虽然在两种性别的两个年龄段的农场儿童中均未观察到激素水平的显着变化。虽然目前的研究显示农药引起的农场妇女激素水平的变化，需要进行研究以阐明暴露可能对青春期儿童和育龄妇女的生殖系统产生不利影响的关键窗口，并随后对其后代的健康产生不利影响。
