PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Exposure to elevated levels of diacetyl in flavoring and microwave popcorn production has been associated with respiratory impairment among workers including from a severe lung disease known as obliterative bronchiolitis. Laboratory studies demonstrate damage to the respiratory tract in rodents exposed to either diacetyl or the related alpha-diketone 2,3-pentanedione. Respiratory tract damage includes the development of obliterative bronchiolitis-like changes in the lungs of rats repeatedly inhaling either diacetyl or 2,3-pentanedione. In one flavored coffee processing facility, current workers who spent time in higher diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione areas had lower lung function values, while five former flavoring room workers were diagnosed with obliterative bronchiolitis. In that and other coffee roasting and packaging facilities, grinding roasted coffee beans has been identified as contributing to elevated levels of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione. To reduce worker exposures, employers can take various actions to control exposures according to the hierarchy of controls. Because elimination or substitution is not applicable to coffee production facilities not using flavorings, use of engineering controls to control exposures at their source is especially important. This work demonstrates the use of temporary ventilated enclosures around grinding equipment in a single coffee roasting and packaging facility to mitigate diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione emissions from grinding equipment to the main production space. Concentrations of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione were measured in various locations throughout the main production space as well as inside and outside of ventilated enclosures to evaluate the effect of the enclosures on exposures. Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione concentrations outside one grinder enclosure decreased by 95 and 92%, respectively, despite ground coffee production increasing by 12%, after the enclosure was installed. Outside a second enclosure, diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione concentrations both decreased 84%, greater than the 33% decrease in ground coffee production after installation. Temporary ventilated enclosures used as engineering control measures in this study effectively reduced emissions of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione at the source in this facility. These findings motivated management to explore options with a grinding equipment manufacturer to permanently ventilate their grinders to reduce emissions of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione.
摘要：
在调味品和微波爆米花生产中暴露于升高的双乙酰水平与工人的呼吸障碍有关，包括来自称为闭塞性细支气管炎的严重肺部疾病。实验室研究表明，暴露于二乙酰或相关的α-二酮2,3-戊二酮的啮齿动物的呼吸道受到损害。呼吸道损伤包括反复吸入二乙酰或2,3-戊二酮的大鼠肺部发生闭塞性细支气管炎样变化。在一个调味咖啡加工设施中，目前工人谁花时间在较高的双乙酰和2,3-戊二酮地区有较低的肺功能值，而五名前调味室工人被诊断患有闭塞性细支气管炎。在那个和其他咖啡烘焙和包装设施中，研磨烘焙咖啡豆已被确定为有助于提高二乙酰和2,3-戊二酮的水平。为了减少工人暴露，雇主可以根据控制层次采取各种措施来控制风险。因为消除或替代不适用于不使用调味品的咖啡生产设施，使用工程控制来控制源头的曝光尤为重要。这项工作展示了在单个咖啡烘焙和包装设施中研磨设备周围使用临时通风外壳来减轻从研磨设备到主要生产空间的二乙酰和2,3-戊二酮排放。在整个主要生产空间以及通风外壳的内部和外部的不同位置测量二乙酰和2,3-戊二酮的浓度，以评估外壳对暴露的影响。一个研磨机外壳外的二乙酰和2,3-戊二酮浓度降低了95％和92％，分别,尽管研磨咖啡产量增长了12%，安装外壳后。在第二个外壳外面，二乙酰和2,3-戊二酮浓度均下降84%，大于安装后研磨咖啡产量减少33%。在本研究中用作工程控制措施的临时通风外壳有效地减少了该设施源头的二乙酰和2,3-戊二酮的排放。这些发现促使管理层探索与研磨设备制造商进行永久性通风的选择，以减少二乙酰和2,3-戊二酮的排放。
