Abstract：
The maize abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) haplotype encodes a meiotic drive system that converts heterochromatic knobs into centromere-like bodies that are preferentially segregated through female meiosis. Ab10 was first described in the 1940s and has been intensively studied. Here I provide a comprehensive review of the literature, starting from the discovery of knobs and Ab10, preceding through the classic literature, and finishing with molecular structure and mechanisms. The defining features of the Ab10 haplotype are its two specialized kinesins, Kinesin driver and TR-1 kinesin, that activate neocentromeres at knobs containing different classes of the tandem repeat. In most Ab10 haplotypes, the two kinesin/knob systems cooperate to promote maximum meiotic drive. However, recent interpretations suggest that each kinesin/knob system can function as an independent meiotic driver and that in some cases they compete with each other. Ab10 is present at low frequencies throughout the genus Zea and has significantly expanded genome size by promoting the formation of knobs throughout the genome.
摘要：
玉米异常染色体10（Ab10）单倍型编码减数分裂驱动系统，该系统可将异色旋钮转化为着丝粒样体，并优先通过雌性减数分裂分离。Ab10最早是在1940年代被描述的，并且已经被深入研究。在这里，我提供了对文献的全面回顾，从旋钮和Ab10的发现开始，在经典文献之前，并完成分子结构和机理。Ab10单倍型的定义特征是它的两个专门的驱动蛋白，驱动驱动和TR-1驱动,在包含不同类别的串联重复的旋钮处激活新中心粒。在大多数Ab10单倍型中，两个驱动/旋钮系统合作，以促进最大减数分裂驱动。然而,最近的解释表明，每个驱动蛋白/旋钮系统可以作为一个独立的减数分裂驱动器，在某些情况下，他们互相竞争。Ab10在整个Zea属中以低频率存在,并且通过促进整个基因组中旋钮的形成而显著扩大了基因组大小。
