Abstract：
Researchers have long been committed to identify nitrate sources in groundwater and to develop an advanced technique for its remediation because better apply remediation solution and management of water quality is highly dependent on the identification of the NO3- sources contamination in water. In this review, we systematically introduce nitrate source tracking tools used over the past ten years including dual isotope and multi isotope techniques, water chemistry profile, Bayesian mixing model, microbial tracers and land use/cover data. These techniques can be combined and exploited to track the source of NO3- as mineral or organic fertilizer, sewage, or atmospheric deposition. These available data have significant implications for making an appropriate measures and decisions by water managers. A continuous remediation strategy of groundwater was among the main management strategies that need to be applied in the contaminated area. Nitrate removal from groundwater can be accomplished using either separation or reduction based process. The application of these processes to nitrate removal is discussed in this review and some novel methods were presented for the first time. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of each approach are critically summarized and based on our own understanding of the subject some solutions to overcomes their drawbacks are recommended. Advanced techniques are capable to attain significantly higher nitrate and other co-contaminants removal from groundwater. However, the challenges of by-products generation and high energy consumption need to be addressed in implementing these technologies for groundwater remediation for potable use.
摘要：
长期以来，研究人员一直致力于识别地下水中的硝酸盐源并开发一种先进的修复技术，因为更好地应用修复解决方案和水质管理高度依赖于识别水中的NO3-源污染。在这次审查中,我们系统地介绍了过去十年中使用的硝酸盐源跟踪工具，包括双同位素和多同位素技术，水化学概况，贝叶斯混合模型，微生物示踪剂和土地利用/覆盖数据。这些技术可以结合使用，以追踪NO3-作为矿物或有机肥料的来源，污水,或大气沉积。这些可用数据对于水管理者制定适当的措施和决定具有重要意义。地下水的持续修复策略是需要在受污染地区应用的主要管理策略之一。可以使用分离或基于还原的方法从地下水中去除硝酸盐。本文讨论了这些工艺在硝酸盐去除中的应用，并首次提出了一些新的方法。此外，严格总结了每种方法的优点和局限性，并根据我们对该主题的理解，推荐了一些克服其缺点的解决方案。先进的技术能够实现从地下水中明显更高的硝酸盐和其他共污染物去除。然而,在实施这些用于饮用水的地下水修复技术时，需要解决副产品产生和高能耗的挑战。
