Abstract：
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing cells found in almost all postnatal organs and tissues in the perivascular region. These cells have a high capacity for mesodermal differentiation; however, numerous studies have shown that MSCs can also differentiate into cells of endodermal and ectodermal lineages. Due to this multilineage differentiation capacity, these cells could function as restoratives of various cell populations after transplantation. However, not only their differentiation potential makes them ideal candidates for this, but also a series of trophic properties that promote regeneration in the surrounding tissue, such as their migratory capacity, secretory and immunomodulatory actions. This review analyzes several MSC transplantation trials to treat neurological diseases, such as demyelinating injury, spinal cord injury, paraplegia, Parkinson\'s disease, cochlear injury, and Alzheimer\'s disease. These cells could facilitate functional recovery in multiple models of neurodegenerative diseases and nervous system injuries by using their trophic capacities, reducing inflammation in the injured area, reducing apoptosis, and enhancing endogenous neurogenesis through the secretion of bioactive factors. Furthermore, since cells derived from patients have demonstrated disease-associated differences in various brain diseases, these cells represent an excellent candidate for the study of these diseases, functioning as \"a window to the brain.\"
摘要：
间充质干细胞（MSC）是在血管周围区域的几乎所有出生后器官和组织中发现的自我更新细胞。这些细胞具有很高的中胚层分化能力；然而，大量研究表明，MSCs还可以分化成内胚层和外胚层细胞。由于这种多谱系分化能力，这些细胞可以作为移植后各种细胞群的修复物。然而,不仅他们的差异化潜力使他们成为这方面的理想人选，还有一系列促进周围组织再生的营养特性，比如他们的迁徙能力，分泌和免疫调节作用。这篇综述分析了几个MSC移植试验，以治疗神经系统疾病，如脱髓鞘损伤，脊髓损伤,截瘫,帕金森病，耳蜗损伤,和阿尔茨海默病。这些细胞可以利用其营养能力促进多种神经退行性疾病和神经系统损伤模型的功能恢复，减少受伤区域的炎症，减少细胞凋亡，并通过分泌生物活性因子增强内源性神经发生。此外，由于来自患者的细胞在各种脑疾病中表现出疾病相关的差异，这些细胞是研究这些疾病的绝佳候选者，充当“通往大脑的窗口”。\"
