Abstract：
Prior investigations have been primarily conducted in a laboratory to examine the effects of the smartphone use on the neck and head positions, whether these results are applicable to actual conditions is still unknown. This field survey thus analyzed the neck flexion (NF), head flexion (HF), gaze angle (GA), and viewing distance (VD) of smartphone users in public areas in Taipei, Taiwan. Six hundred smartphone users (300 men and 300 women) were photographed sagittally in standing, supported sitting, or unsupported sitting postures while using a smartphone. Results showed that women had significantly less NF and HF and shorter VDs than male users. Regardless of gender, higher NF was observed for standing than for sitting. Women had similar NF and HF while sitting supported and unsupported, but both were significantly lower than those while standing. By contrast, male users had higher NF and HF during unsupported sitting than during supported sitting. The NF (45°-50°) was much greater than the recommended maximum safe NF of 15°. Women may be at higher risk of visual strain because of shorter VD.
摘要：
先前的调查主要是在实验室进行的，以检查智能手机使用对颈部和头部位置的影响，这些结果是否适用于实际情况仍是未知的。这项实地调查分析了颈部屈曲(NF)，头部屈曲(HF),注视角度(GA),和智能手机用户在台北公共区域的观看距离(VD)，台湾。600名智能手机用户(300名男性和300名女性)被拍到站立时的速腾照片，支持坐,或使用智能手机时不支持的坐姿。结果显示，女性的NF和HF明显少于男性使用者，而VD则较短。不管性别,站立时的NF高于坐着。女性在坐着支持和不支持时患有类似的NF和HF，但两者都明显低于站立时的水平。相比之下,男性使用者在无支撑坐位时的NF和HF高于有支撑坐位.NF（45°-50°）远大于推荐的最大安全NF15°。由于VD较短，女性可能有更高的视觉疲劳风险。
