Abstract：
The occurrence of diarrheal infections depends on the level of water and sanitation services available to households of immunocompromised individuals and children of less than five years old. It is therefore of paramount importance for immunocompromised individuals to be supplied with safe drinking water for better health outcomes. The current study aimed at ascertaining the probability of infection that Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholerae, and rotavirus might cause to rural dwellers as compared to urban dwellers. Both culture-based and molecular-based methods were used to confirm the presence of target microorganisms in drinking water samples, while Beta-Poisson and exponential models were used to determine the health risk assessment. Results revealed the presence of all targeted organisms in drinking water. The estimated health risks for single ingestion of water for the test pathogens were as follows: 1.6 × 10-7 for S. typhimurium, 1.79 × 10-4 for S. dysenteriae, 1.03 × 10-3 for V. cholerae, 2.2 × 10-4 for E. coli O157:H7, and 3.73 × 10-2 for rotavirus. The general quantitative risk assessment undertaken in this study suggests that constant monitoring of household container-stored water supplies is vital as it would assist in early detection of microbial pathogens. Moreover, it will also allow the prompt action to be taken for the protection of public health, particularly for immunocompromised individuals and children who are prone to higher risk of infections.
摘要：
腹泻感染的发生取决于免疫功能低下者和五岁以下儿童的家庭可获得的水和卫生服务的水平。因此，为免疫功能低下的个体提供安全的饮用水以获得更好的健康结果至关重要。目前的研究旨在确定感染大肠杆菌的可能性，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,痢疾志贺氏菌,霍乱弧菌,与城市居民相比，轮状病毒可能会对农村居民造成影响。基于培养和基于分子的方法都用于确认饮用水样品中目标微生物的存在，而β-泊松和指数模型用于确定健康风险评估。结果显示饮用水中存在所有目标生物。测试病原体单次摄入水的估计健康风险如下：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌1.6×10-7，1.79×10-4用于痢疾沙门氏菌，1.03×10-3用于霍乱弧菌，大肠杆菌O157：H7为2.2×10-4，轮状病毒为3.73×10-2。本研究中进行的一般定量风险评估表明，不断监测家用容器储存的水供应至关重要，因为这将有助于早期发现微生物病原体。此外，它还将允许迅速采取行动保护公众健康，特别是对于容易感染风险较高的免疫功能低下的个体和儿童。
