Abstract：
Visual selective attention refers to the selection of relevant visual elements in a scene whilst ignoring irrelevant visual elements. Visual Selective Attention Dysfunctions (VSAD) are prevalent in children with Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Dyslexia. An important issue in the pediatric neuropsychological practice is how to discriminate between the task performance of these populations. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on visual search performance (VSP) in children with CVI, ADHD, and Dyslexia, aged 6-12 years. After a systematic selection process, 35 studies were included. Results suggest that all patient groups have some degree of impaired VSP compared to typically developing children. Children with CVI tend to react slower and less accurately. VSP impairments in children with ADHD are characterized by poor accuracy rather than reaction time. Children with Dyslexia tend to be slower and less accurate, depending on stimulus type. Besides VSAD, it is argued that other neurocognitive mechanisms might influence VSP, such as speed-accuracy trade-off or an executive functioning deficit in ADHD and a phonological deficit in Dyslexia. This paper further discusses the differences and similarities in visual search performance between the groups. The sparse data in children with an official diagnosis of CVI and the technical inconclusive data on children with ADHD and Dyslexia demonstrate complexity of discriminating between these populations in clinical practice based on VSP. New and more quantitative VSP parameters, such as eye tracking-based measures, may contribute to a refined classification among CVI, ADHD, and Dyslexia.
摘要：
视觉选择性注意是指在场景中选择相关的视觉元素而忽略不相关的视觉元素。视觉选择性注意功能障碍（VSAD）在脑视力损害（CVI）儿童中普遍存在，注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和阅读障碍。儿科神经心理学实践中的一个重要问题是如何区分这些人群的任务表现。我们对CVI儿童的视觉搜索表现（VSP）的文献进行了范围审查，多动症,和阅读障碍,6-12岁。经过系统的选择过程，共纳入35项研究。结果表明，与通常发育中的儿童相比，所有患者组都有一定程度的VSP受损。患有CVI的儿童往往反应较慢且不准确。患有ADHD的儿童的VSP损伤的特点是准确性差，而不是反应时间。患有阅读障碍的儿童往往速度较慢，准确性较低，取决于刺激类型。除了VSAD,有人认为其他神经认知机制可能会影响VSP，例如速度-准确性权衡或多动症的执行功能缺陷和阅读障碍的语音缺陷。本文进一步研讨了群体间视觉搜刮成绩的异同。官方诊断为CVI的儿童的稀疏数据以及关于ADHD和阅读障碍儿童的技术不确定性数据表明，在临床实践中基于VSP区分这些人群的复杂性。新的和更定量的VSP参数，例如基于眼睛跟踪的措施，可能有助于CVI之间的精细分类，多动症,和阅读障碍。
