Abstract：
Bounteous modern and innovative biotechnological tools have resulted in progressive development in the barley breeding program. Doubled haploids developed (homozygous lines) in a single generation is significant. Since the first discovery of haploid plants in 1920 and, in particular, after discovering in vitro androgenesis in 1964 by Guha and Maheshwari, the doubled haploidy techniques have been progressively developed and constantly improved. It has shortened the cultivar development time and has been extensively used in: genetic studies, gene mapping, marker/trait association, and QTL studies. In barley, the haploid occurrence developed gradually from being a sporadic and random process (spontaneous) to haploid development by in vivo method of modified pollination or by in vitro culture of immature male or female gametophytes. Although significant improvement in DH induction protocols has been made, challenges still exist for improvement in areas such as: low efficiency, albinism, genotypic specificity etc. Here, the paper focuses on: haploidization via different in vitro, in vivo techniques, the recent advances technologies like centromere-mediated haploidization, hap induction gene, and Doubled haploid CRISPR. The au-courant work of different researchers in barley using these technologies is reviewed. Studies on different factors affecting haploid induction and work on genome doubling of barley haploids to produce DH lines via spontaneous and induced technologies has also been highlighted.
摘要：
丰富的现代和创新的生物技术工具导致大麦育种计划的逐步发展。在单个世代中开发的双倍单倍体(纯合品系)是显著的。自1920年首次发现单倍体植物以来，特别是,在1964年Guha和Maheshwari发现体外雄激素生成后，双倍单倍体技术已逐步发展并不断完善。它缩短了品种的发育时间，并已广泛用于：遗传研究，基因定位,标记/性状关联，和QTL研究。在大麦中，通过体内改良授粉方法或未成熟的雄性或雌性配子体的体外培养，单倍体的发生逐渐从偶发性和随机过程（自发）发展为单倍体发育。尽管在DH诱导方案中已经取得了显著的改进，在以下领域仍然存在改进的挑战：低效率，白化病,基因型特异性等。这里,本文的重点是:通过不同的体外单倍体化，体内技术，最近的先进技术，如着丝粒介导的单倍体化，hap诱导基因，和双倍体CRISPR。回顾了不同研究人员使用这些技术在大麦方面的工作。还强调了对影响单倍体诱导的不同因素的研究以及通过自发和诱导技术对大麦单倍体进行基因组加倍以产生DH系的工作。
