Abstract：
Engineering models of human skeletal muscle tissue provides unique translational opportunities to investigate and develop therapeutic strategies for acute muscle injuries, and to establish personalised and precision medicine platforms for in vitro studies of severe neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders. Several myogenic and non-myogenic cell types can be isolated, generated, amplified and combined with scaffolds and biomaterials to achieve this aim. Novel bio-fabrication strategies, which include exogenous stimuli to enhance tissue maturation, promise to achieve an ever-increasing degree of tissue functionalisation both in vivo and in vitro. Here we review recent advances, current challenges and future perspectives to build human skeletal muscle tissue \"in a dish\", focusing on the cellular constituents and on applications for in vitro disease modelling. We also briefly discuss the impact that emerging technologies such as 3D bioprinting, organ-on-chip and organoids might have to circumvent technical hurdles in future studies.
摘要：
人类骨骼肌组织的工程模型为研究和开发急性肌肉损伤的治疗策略提供了独特的转化机会。并建立个性化和精准医学平台，用于严重的神经肌肉和肌肉骨骼疾病的体外研究。可以分离几种生肌和非生肌细胞类型，生成的，放大并与支架和生物材料结合以实现这一目标。新型生物制造策略，其中包括促进组织成熟的外源性刺激，有望在体内和体外实现不断增加的组织功能化程度。在这里，我们回顾了最近的进展，目前的挑战和未来的观点，以建立人类骨骼肌组织“在一个盘子里”，专注于细胞成分和体外疾病建模的应用。我们还简要讨论了3D生物打印等新兴技术的影响，在未来的研究中,芯片上器官和类器官可能需要规避技术障碍.
