Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Foot Function Index (FFI) is a valid and reliable outcome measure, which is widely used to measure the foot and ankle functional level and disorders. Until now, no validated Arabic version of the FFI is available. This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this project was to translate and adapt the FFI into Arabic and to evaluate its psychometric properties of validity and reliability.
METHODS: The study consisted of two phases. The first phase was the translation and cultural adaptation of the FFI to Arabic. The next phase involved, testing the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the FFI on a sample of 50 consecutive participants which included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects and construct validity.
RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 38 ± 12.94 years. Both the genders were evenly enrolled with 50% of the participants as male and 50% as female. Majority of them complained of plantar fasciopathy (32%) followed by pes planus (22%) and ankle sprain (18%). The scores of FFI-Ar were normally distributed, confirmed by a significant Shapiro-Wilk test. The mean value of FFI-Ar total score was 47.73 ± 19.85. There were no floor or ceiling effects seen in any of the subscales and total score. The internal consistency was good with the Cronbach\'s alpha value of 0.882, 0.936 and 0.850 for the pain, disability and activity limitation subscales, respectively. The reproducibility of the FFI-Ar was analysed by intra-class correlation coefficient which revealed good to excellent test-retest reliability. A significant correlation was found between FFI-Ar and SF-36 and numeric rating scale (NRS) confirming its construct validity.
CONCLUSIONS: The FFI-Arabic version showed good validity and reliability in patients with foot and ankle problems. This tool can be used in usual practice and research for analysing foot and ankle disorders in Arabic-speaking people.
METHODS: The study consisted of two phases. The first phase was the translation and cultural adaptation of the FFI to Arabic. The next phase involved, testing the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the FFI on a sample of 50 consecutive participants which included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects and construct validity.
RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 38 ± 12.94 years. Both the genders were evenly enrolled with 50% of the participants as male and 50% as female. Majority of them complained of plantar fasciopathy (32%) followed by pes planus (22%) and ankle sprain (18%). The scores of FFI-Ar were normally distributed, confirmed by a significant Shapiro-Wilk test. The mean value of FFI-Ar total score was 47.73 ± 19.85. There were no floor or ceiling effects seen in any of the subscales and total score. The internal consistency was good with the Cronbach\'s alpha value of 0.882, 0.936 and 0.850 for the pain, disability and activity limitation subscales, respectively. The reproducibility of the FFI-Ar was analysed by intra-class correlation coefficient which revealed good to excellent test-retest reliability. A significant correlation was found between FFI-Ar and SF-36 and numeric rating scale (NRS) confirming its construct validity.
CONCLUSIONS: The FFI-Arabic version showed good validity and reliability in patients with foot and ankle problems. This tool can be used in usual practice and research for analysing foot and ankle disorders in Arabic-speaking people.
摘要：
背景：足功能指数（FFI）是一种有效且可靠的结果指标，它被广泛用于测量足部和踝关节的功能水平和疾病。直到现在,没有经过验证的阿拉伯语版本的FFI。这项研究是在利雅得的一家三级医院进行的，沙特阿拉伯。该项目的目的是将FFI翻译和改编为阿拉伯语，并评估其有效性和可靠性的心理测量特性。
方法：本研究分为两个阶段。第一阶段是FFI到阿拉伯语的翻译和文化适应。下一阶段，在50个连续参与者的样本上测试阿拉伯语版本FFI的心理测量特性，其中包括内部一致性，测试-重测可靠性，地板和天花板效应以及结构效度。
结果：研究参与者的平均年龄为38±12.94岁。这两种性别均被平均招募，其中50％的参与者为男性，50％为女性。他们中的大多数抱怨足底筋膜病（32％），其次是pesplanus（22％）和脚踝扭伤（18％）。FFI-Ar评分呈正态分布，夏皮罗-威尔克试验证实了这一点.FFI-Ar总分均值为47.73±19.85。在任何分量表和总分中都没有看到地板或天花板效应。疼痛的内部一致性良好，Cronbach的α值为0.882、0.936和0.850，残疾和活动限制分量表，分别。通过类内相关系数分析了FFI-Ar的可重复性，该相关系数显示出良好的重测可靠性。FFI-Ar和SF-36与数字评定量表（NRS）之间存在显着相关性，证实了其结构有效性。
结论：FFI-阿拉伯文版本在足和踝关节问题患者中显示出良好的有效性和可靠性。该工具可用于通常的实践和研究，以分析讲阿拉伯语的人的脚和脚踝疾病。
方法：本研究分为两个阶段。第一阶段是FFI到阿拉伯语的翻译和文化适应。下一阶段，在50个连续参与者的样本上测试阿拉伯语版本FFI的心理测量特性，其中包括内部一致性，测试-重测可靠性，地板和天花板效应以及结构效度。
结果：研究参与者的平均年龄为38±12.94岁。这两种性别均被平均招募，其中50％的参与者为男性，50％为女性。他们中的大多数抱怨足底筋膜病（32％），其次是pesplanus（22％）和脚踝扭伤（18％）。FFI-Ar评分呈正态分布，夏皮罗-威尔克试验证实了这一点.FFI-Ar总分均值为47.73±19.85。在任何分量表和总分中都没有看到地板或天花板效应。疼痛的内部一致性良好，Cronbach的α值为0.882、0.936和0.850，残疾和活动限制分量表，分别。通过类内相关系数分析了FFI-Ar的可重复性，该相关系数显示出良好的重测可靠性。FFI-Ar和SF-36与数字评定量表（NRS）之间存在显着相关性，证实了其结构有效性。
结论：FFI-阿拉伯文版本在足和踝关节问题患者中显示出良好的有效性和可靠性。该工具可用于通常的实践和研究，以分析讲阿拉伯语的人的脚和脚踝疾病。
