Abstract:
The prevalence of cat allergen-induced AR is increasing worldwide, prompting its study using controlled methodology. Three general categories of allergen exposure models currently exist for the study of cat allergen-induced AR: natural exposure cat rooms, allergen exposure chambers (AEC), and nasal allergen challenges (NAC). We evaluated existing literature surrounding the use of these models to study cat allergen induced AR using online research databases, including OVID Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. We report that natural exposure cat rooms have been important in establishing the foundation for our understanding of cat allergen-induced AR. Major limitations, including variable allergen ranges and differing study designs highlight the need for a more standardized protocol. In comparison, AECs are an exceptional model to mimic real-world allergen exposure and study long-term implications of AR with large sample sizes. Existing AECs are limited by heterogeneous facility designs, differing methods of cat allergen distribution, and issues surrounding cost and accessibility. Conversely, NACs allow for smaller participant cohorts for easier biological sampling and are ideal for phase I, phase 2 or proof-of-concept studies. NACs generally have a standardized protocol and are less expensive compared to AECs. Nevertheless, NACs solely capture acute allergen exposure and have the further limitation of using allergen extracts rather than natural allergen. As the use of combined controlled methodologies is sparse, we recommend concurrent use of AECs and NACs to study short- and long-term effects of AR, thereby providing a more holistic representation of cat allergen-induced AR.
摘要:
猫过敏原诱导的AR在全球范围内的患病率正在增加,促使其使用受控方法进行研究。目前,用于研究猫过敏原诱导的AR的过敏原暴露模型有三种一般类别:自然暴露猫室,过敏原暴露室(AEC),和鼻过敏原挑战(NAC)。我们使用在线研究数据库评估了围绕使用这些模型研究猫过敏原诱导的AR的现有文献,包括OVIDMedline,Embase,和WebofScience。我们报告说,自然暴露猫室对于建立我们对猫过敏原诱导的AR的理解的基础非常重要。主要限制,包括可变的过敏原范围和不同的研究设计强调了对更标准化方案的需求。相比之下,AECs是模拟真实世界过敏原暴露并研究大样本量AR的长期影响的特殊模型。现有的AEC受到异构设施设计的限制,不同的猫过敏原分布方法,以及围绕成本和可访问性的问题。相反,NAC允许较小的参与者队列更容易进行生物采样,是第一阶段的理想选择,第二阶段或概念验证研究。NAC通常具有标准化的协议并且与AEC相比更便宜。然而,NAC仅捕获急性过敏原暴露,并且具有使用过敏原提取物而不是天然过敏原的进一步限制。由于组合受控方法的使用很少,我们建议同时使用AECs和NACs来研究AR的短期和长期效应,从而提供了猫过敏原诱导的AR的更全面的代表。