PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This article presents a systematic review of the available literature which has investigated the role of key variables in facilitating or inhibiting bystander intervention (including direct intervention, tertiary and secondary prevention) in sexual violence (SV) contexts. Studies exploring the role of individual, situational and contextual variables were grouped to provide a narrative overview of bystanders\' personal characteristics as well as the immediate and wider contexts which may be influencing their bystander behaviour. A systematic search of published literature from four electronic databases identified 2526 articles that were screened, of which 85 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused upon the role of individual variables, in particular gender of bystander. This body of work finds females are more likely to intervene than males; however, not all studies report these differences and in some cases, this is influenced by the type of intervention behaviour being considered. Regarding situational variables, the most commonly researched variable was the presence of other bystanders, although the role of this variable as inhibiting or facilitating was not clear. Finally, the most commonly researched contextual variable was social norms towards intervention, which has consistently shown greater bystander intervention when there is a belief that peers support such behaviour. Very few studies considered the interaction between these variables. Therefore, it is important for future research to consider this gap in the literature so that we can obtain a more well-rounded understanding of variables that can inhibit and facilitate bystander intervention in SV contexts.
摘要：
本文对现有文献进行了系统综述，这些文献研究了关键变量在促进或抑制旁观者干预（包括直接干预，三级和二级预防)在性暴力(SV)背景下。探索个体角色的研究，对情境和上下文变量进行了分组，以提供旁观者的个人特征以及可能影响其旁观者行为的直接和更广泛的背景的叙事概述。从四个电子数据库中系统地检索已发表的文献，确定了2526篇被筛选的文章，其中85项研究符合纳入标准。大多数研究集中在个体变量的作用上，尤其是旁观者的性别。这项研究发现，女性比男性更有可能干预；然而，并非所有研究都报告了这些差异，在某些情况下，这受到所考虑的干预行为类型的影响.关于情境变量，最常研究的变量是其他旁观者的存在，尽管该变量作为抑制或促进的作用尚不清楚。最后,最常研究的背景变量是对干预的社会规范，当人们相信同龄人支持这种行为时，这一直显示出更大的旁观者干预。很少有研究考虑这些变量之间的相互作用。因此,对于未来的研究，重要的是要考虑文献中的这一差距，以便我们可以更全面地了解可以抑制和促进SV环境中的旁观者干预的变量。
