Abstract：
The influence of marketing on infant and young child feeding and health is well recognized, and an International Code was adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1981 to reduce inappropriate marketing and protect breastfeeding. Yet the marketing and influencing continue. This scoping review systematically examined the published research evidence on the nature and extent of exposure to International Code violations from 1981 to August 2021. We used several search strategies involving multi-language databases, organization websites, citation tracking, and expert consultation, to find research items meeting our inclusion criteria. We evaluated 657 items and retained 153 studies from at least 95 countries in the review. The majority of the studies (n = 113) documenting exposure to inappropriate marketing were published since 2010. Studies reported a broad range of marketing violations targeting mothers and families, health workers, and the general public. Marketing via digital platforms and brand extension has become more frequent. The evidence shows the use of misleading and inaccurate labeling and health and nutrition claims in breach of the Code. Our review confirms that violations of the Code have not ceased and calls for renewed attention from the WHA and national governments to protect the health of children and their mothers.
摘要：
营销对婴幼儿喂养和健康的影响是公认的，1981年世界卫生大会（WHA）通过了一项国际守则，以减少不适当的营销和保护母乳喂养。然而，营销和影响仍在继续。本范围审查系统地审查了已发表的关于1981年至2021年8月违反国际法规的性质和程度的研究证据。我们使用了几种涉及多语言数据库的搜索策略，组织网站，引文跟踪,和专家咨询，找到符合我们纳入标准的研究项目。我们评估了657个项目，并保留了来自至少95个国家的153项研究。自2010年以来，大多数记录暴露于不适当营销的研究（n=113）都发表了。研究报告了一系列针对母亲和家庭的营销违规行为，卫生工作者,和普通公众。通过数字平台和品牌延伸的营销变得更加频繁。证据表明，使用误导性和不准确的标签以及健康和营养声明违反了《守则》。我们的审查证实，违反《守则》的行为没有停止，并呼吁世界卫生大会和各国政府重新关注保护儿童及其母亲的健康。
