Abstract：
The discovery of the vaccination technique was revealed by Edward Jenner in 1796, which represented the first scientific attempt to control an infectious disease by vaccines, followed by other important studies carried out by Pasteur and Koch, and Sabin, who developed the first technique to attenuate the virus. In recent decades, numerous scholars have begun to create dangerous theories against the effectiveness of vaccines through scientifically invalid or fraudulent studies. This critical review of the literature aims to analyze the main factors that have undermined the credibility of vaccines in the general population, disproved false information and emphasized the benefits of vaccines over the last 200 years. Unfortunately, several studies have been carried out without the proper scientific attention. The most impacting example is the study published by Andrew Wakefield in the Lancet journal who tried to correlate vaccines with the development of autism: this publication was withdrawn from the journal a few years after its publication, but the impact of incorrect scientific studies, fake news, and ambiguous healthcare policies have led to a general adverse opinion about the effectiveness of vaccines. The excess of uncontrolled information is a serious concern during the Coronavirus pandemic. Modern science must tackle this problem with a better willingness to communicate the clinical studies to those who cannot understand medical information. Nevertheless, a reliable science must also limit the distribution of studies that do not meet the basic criteria of methodological rigor and certainty of results in order not to incur confusion in the scientific community.
摘要：
1796年，爱德华·詹纳（EdwardJenner）揭示了疫苗接种技术的发现，这是通过疫苗控制传染病的首次科学尝试，其次是巴斯德和科赫进行的其他重要研究，还有Sabin,他开发了第一种减弱病毒的技术。近几十年来,许多学者已经开始通过科学上无效或欺诈性的研究来创造危险的理论来反对疫苗的有效性。这篇重要的文献综述旨在分析破坏疫苗在普通人群中可信度的主要因素。驳斥虚假信息，并强调疫苗在过去200年中的益处。不幸的是,在没有适当的科学关注的情况下进行了几项研究。最具影响力的例子是安德鲁·韦克菲尔德在《柳叶刀》杂志上发表的一项研究，该研究试图将疫苗与自闭症的发展联系起来：该出版物在出版几年后被从该杂志撤回，但是不正确的科学研究的影响，假新闻,和模棱两可的医疗保健政策导致对疫苗有效性的普遍负面看法。在冠状病毒大流行期间，过多的不受控制的信息是一个严重的问题。现代科学必须以更好的意愿将临床研究传达给那些无法理解医学信息的人来解决这个问题。然而，可靠的科学还必须限制不符合方法论严密性和结果确定性的基本标准的研究的分布，以免引起科学界的混乱。
