Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to propose a new skull outline-based method to objectively quantify complex 3D skull shapes and frontal and supraorbital retrusion in metopic craniosynostosis using 3D photogrammetry.
METHODS: A standard section from 3D photogrammetry, which represents the trigonocephalic shape, was used in this study. From the midpoint of the area of this section, half diagonals were calculated to the skull outline at 5° increments in the anterior half of the head. These half diagonals were used to create a sinusoidal curve, and the area under the sinusoidal curve (AUC) was used to represent the mathematical expression of the trigonocephalic head shape. The AUC from 0° to 180° (90° from the midline to each side) was calculated and is referred to as AUC0→180. The AUC from 60° to 120° (30° from the midline to each side) was also calculated and is referred to as AUC60→120. A total of 24 patients who underwent endoscopic strip craniectomy and 13 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. The AUC values obtained in patients at different time points and controls were analyzed.
RESULTS: The mean preoperative AUC60→120 and AUC0→180 in the patients were significantly lower than those in control individuals. The increase in both AUC60→120 and AUC0→180 values is statistically significant at the discontinuation of helmet therapy and at final follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that AUC60→120 is a more accurate classifier than AUC0→180.
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method objectively quantifies complex head shape and frontal retrusion in patients with metopic craniosynostosis and provides a quantitative measure for follow-up after surgical treatment. It avoids ionizing radiation exposure.
METHODS: A standard section from 3D photogrammetry, which represents the trigonocephalic shape, was used in this study. From the midpoint of the area of this section, half diagonals were calculated to the skull outline at 5° increments in the anterior half of the head. These half diagonals were used to create a sinusoidal curve, and the area under the sinusoidal curve (AUC) was used to represent the mathematical expression of the trigonocephalic head shape. The AUC from 0° to 180° (90° from the midline to each side) was calculated and is referred to as AUC0→180. The AUC from 60° to 120° (30° from the midline to each side) was also calculated and is referred to as AUC60→120. A total of 24 patients who underwent endoscopic strip craniectomy and 13 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. The AUC values obtained in patients at different time points and controls were analyzed.
RESULTS: The mean preoperative AUC60→120 and AUC0→180 in the patients were significantly lower than those in control individuals. The increase in both AUC60→120 and AUC0→180 values is statistically significant at the discontinuation of helmet therapy and at final follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that AUC60→120 is a more accurate classifier than AUC0→180.
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method objectively quantifies complex head shape and frontal retrusion in patients with metopic craniosynostosis and provides a quantitative measure for follow-up after surgical treatment. It avoids ionizing radiation exposure.
摘要：
目的：这项研究的目的是提出一种新的基于颅骨轮廓的方法，以使用3D摄影测量法客观地量化复杂的3D颅骨形状以及颅前和眶上后缩。
方法：3D摄影测量的标准部分，代表头颅的形状，在这项研究中使用。从这一部分区域的中点开始，在头的前半部中以5°的增量将半对角线计算为颅骨轮廓。这些半对角线用于创建正弦曲线，并以正弦曲线下面积(AUC)表示三角头形状的数学表达式。计算从0°到180°(从中线到每侧90°)的AUC,并称为AUC0-180。还计算了从60°到120°(从中线到每侧30°)的AUC,并称为AUC60→120。共有24例接受内镜下带状颅骨切除术的患者和13例年龄和性别匹配的对照者被纳入研究。分析患者在不同时间点和对照组获得的AUC值。
结果：患者术前平均AUC60→120和AUC0→180明显低于对照组。AUC60→120和AUC0→180值的增加在中止头盔治疗和最终随访时具有统计学意义。接收器工作特性曲线分析表明，AUC60→120是比AUC0→180更准确的分类器。
结论：所提出的方法客观地量化了异位性颅骨融合患者的复杂头部形状和额叶后缩，并为手术治疗后的随访提供了定量措施。它避免了电离辐射暴露。
方法：3D摄影测量的标准部分，代表头颅的形状，在这项研究中使用。从这一部分区域的中点开始，在头的前半部中以5°的增量将半对角线计算为颅骨轮廓。这些半对角线用于创建正弦曲线，并以正弦曲线下面积(AUC)表示三角头形状的数学表达式。计算从0°到180°(从中线到每侧90°)的AUC,并称为AUC0-180。还计算了从60°到120°(从中线到每侧30°)的AUC,并称为AUC60→120。共有24例接受内镜下带状颅骨切除术的患者和13例年龄和性别匹配的对照者被纳入研究。分析患者在不同时间点和对照组获得的AUC值。
结果：患者术前平均AUC60→120和AUC0→180明显低于对照组。AUC60→120和AUC0→180值的增加在中止头盔治疗和最终随访时具有统计学意义。接收器工作特性曲线分析表明，AUC60→120是比AUC0→180更准确的分类器。
结论：所提出的方法客观地量化了异位性颅骨融合患者的复杂头部形状和额叶后缩，并为手术治疗后的随访提供了定量措施。它避免了电离辐射暴露。
