Abstract：
Domestic cleaners have an increased risk of asthma-like and other respiratory symptoms and conditions. Uncertainty exists about which products are most hazardous. We aimed to investigate, among professional domestic cleaners, the associations of ocular/respiratory outcomes with using specific types of products at work and with the ability to choose their own products. Among domestic cleaners employed by \"service vouchers\" companies in Belgium, we administered an online questionnaire on ocular/respiratory symptoms (frequency and time relation to workdays), frequency of use of 40 types of products, and ability to choose one\'s own products. Work-relatedness was defined as symptoms improving/disappearing on days off-work. We studied associations between frequency of product-use with work-related outcomes (eye irritation, rhinitis symptoms, sore throat, laryngeal symptoms, asthma symptoms, cough) and with chronic bronchitis, using multivariable logistic and elastic net regression. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95%-confidence intervals were obtained per time a product was used per week. Among 1,586 domestic cleaners (99% women), the number of times sprays were used (median 13/week) was significantly associated with all outcomes (ORs between 1.012 and 1.024 per time sprays were used per week). Bleach/disinfectant-containing liquid products were associated with all outcomes, except for laryngeal symptoms (ORs 1.086 to 1.150); ammonia with work-related upper airway symptoms and chronic bronchitis. Cleaners able to choose their own products had fewer work-related eye symptoms (OR 0.728;0.556-0.954), rhinitis (OR 0.735;0.571-0.946) and cough (OR 0.671;0.520-0.865). Using elastic net regression, work-related rhinitis was most strongly associated with mould removal spray (OR 1.108;1.006-1.248), carpet/seat/curtain spray (OR 1.099;1.001-1.304) and ammonia (OR 1.081;1.002-1.372); work-related asthma with carpet/seat/curtain spray (OR 1.103;1.017-1.322), mould removal spray (OR 1.029;0.995-1.199) and drain cleaner (OR 1.023;0.979-1.302). In a large group of domestic cleaners, we documented that cleaning products have a range of adverse respiratory effects. Empowering cleaners to choose their products may reduce the burden of symptoms.
摘要：
家用清洁工患哮喘和其他呼吸道症状和疾病的风险增加。关于哪些产品最危险存在不确定性。我们的目的是调查,在专业家用清洁剂中，眼/呼吸结果与在工作中使用特定类型的产品以及选择自己的产品的能力之间的关联。在比利时“服务券”公司雇用的家庭清洁工中，我们对眼部/呼吸道症状（频率和时间与工作日的关系）进行了在线问卷调查，40类产品的使用频率，并有能力选择自己的产品。工作关系被定义为在下班时间症状改善/消失。我们研究了产品使用频率与工作相关结果(眼睛刺激，鼻炎症状,喉咙痛,喉部症状,哮喘症状,咳嗽）和慢性支气管炎，使用多变量逻辑回归和弹性网络回归。每周使用一次产品，获得具有95％置信区间的调整后的优势比（OR）。在1586名家庭清洁工(99%为女性)中，使用喷雾剂的次数(中位数13次/周)与所有结局显著相关(每周每次使用喷雾剂的ORs为1.012~1.024次).含漂白剂/消毒剂的液体产品与所有结果相关，除了喉部症状（ORs1.086至1.150）；氨与工作相关的上呼吸道症状和慢性支气管炎。能够选择自己产品的清洁工与工作相关的眼部症状较少（OR0.728;0.556-0.954），鼻炎（OR0.735;0.571-0.946）和咳嗽（OR0.671;0.520-0.865）。使用弹性网络回归，与工作相关的鼻炎与霉菌去除喷雾剂（OR1.108;1.006-1.248）有关，地毯/座椅/窗帘喷雾（OR1.099;1.001-1.304）和氨（OR1.081;1.002-1.372）；地毯/座椅/窗帘喷雾与工作相关的哮喘（OR1.103;1.017-1.322），除霉喷雾(OR1.029;0.995-1.199)和排水清洁剂(OR1.023;0.979-1.302)。在一大群家庭清洁工中，我们记录了清洁产品有一系列不良呼吸影响。授权清洁工选择他们的产品可以减轻症状的负担。
