PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The health of women over the entire span of their reproductive years is crucial - beginning in adolescence and extending through the postpartum period. This paper provides a scoping review of the relevant literature on risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and progression from GDM to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly among women of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) and Asian racial/ethnic backgrounds in Hawai\'i, using the PubMed database (July 2010 to July 2020). NHPI and Asian populations have a greater likelihood of developing GDM compared to their White counterparts. Risk factors such as advanced maternal age, high maternal body mass index, and lack of education about GDM have varying levels of impact on GDM diagnosis between ethnic populations. Mothers who have a history of GDM are also at higher risk of developing T2DM. Common risk factors include greater increase in postpartum body mass index and use of diabetes medications during pregnancy. However, few studies investigate the progression from GDM to T2DM in Hawai\'i\'s Asian and NHPI populations, and no studies present upstream preconception care programs to prevent an initial GDM diagnosis among Hawai\'i\'s women. Thus, updated reports are necessary for optimal early interventions to prevent the onset of GDM and break the intergenerational cycle of increased susceptibility to T2DM and GDM in both mother and child. Further attention to the development of culturally sensitive interventions may reduce disparities in GDM and improve the health for all affected by this condition.
摘要：
妇女在整个生育期的健康至关重要-从青春期开始，一直持续到产后。本文对妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的危险因素和从GDM到2型糖尿病（T2DM）的进展的相关文献进行了范围综述。特别是夏威夷原住民和太平洋岛民（NHPI）和夏威夷亚裔种族/族裔背景的妇女，使用PubMed数据库（2010年7月至2020年7月）。与白人相比，NHPI和亚洲人群发展GDM的可能性更大。危险因素，如高龄产妇，产妇体重指数高，缺乏关于GDM的教育对种族人群之间的GDM诊断有不同程度的影响。有GDM病史的母亲患T2DM的风险也较高。常见的危险因素包括产后体重指数增加和怀孕期间使用糖尿病药物。然而,少数研究调查夏威夷亚洲和NHPI人群从GDM到T2DM的进展，并且没有研究提出上游孕前护理计划，以防止夏威夷妇女的初始GDM诊断。因此，更新的报告对于最佳的早期干预措施是必要的,以预防GDM的发作,并打破母儿对T2DM和GDM易感性增加的代际周期.进一步关注文化敏感性干预措施的发展可能会减少GDM的差异，并改善受此疾病影响的所有人的健康状况。
