Abstract：
Several viruses can infect wild carnivores but their impact on wildlife health is poorly understood. We investigated the presence, diversity and distribution of various DNA viruses in 303 wolves inhabiting a vast area of the Northwest Territories, Canada, over a period of 13 years. We found evidence for the presence of canine bufavirus (CBuV, 42.6%), canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2, 34.0%), canine bocavirus 2 (CBoV-2, 5.0%), cachavirus (CachaV-1, 2.6%), canine adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1, 1%) and minute virus of canines (MVC, 0.3%). To our knowledge, this is the first detection of CBoV-2, MVC and CachV-1 in wild animals. We also demonstrate that CBuV and CachaV-1 were already circulating among wild animals at least 11 and 10 years, respectively, before their discoveries. Although CBuV prevalence was higher, CPV-2 was the most prevalent virus among juveniles, while CBuV infection was associated with poor nutrition conditions. Even if its prevalence was low, CachaV-1 had the highest multiple infection rate (87.5%). CadV-1 and MVC sequences were highly identical to reference strains, but we observed a high diversity among the other viruses and detected three new variants. One CPV-2 variant and one CBuV variant were endemic since the beginning of the 2000s in the entire investigated region, whereas one CBuV variant and two CBoV-2 variants were found in a more restricted area over multiple years and CachaV-1 was found only in one region. Two CPV-2 variants and one CachaV-1 variant were observed only once, indicating sporadic introductions or limited circulation. Different patterns of endemicity might indicate that viruses were introduced in the wolf population at different timepoints and that mixing between wolf packs may not be constant. Different epidemiological behaviors depend on viral factors like infectivity, transmission routes, pathogenicity and tissue-tropism, and on host factors like proximity to densely populated areas, carnivory and pack density and mixing.
摘要：
几种病毒可以感染野生食肉动物，但它们对野生动物健康的影响知之甚少。我们调查了存在，居住在西北地区广大地区的303只狼中的各种DNA病毒的多样性和分布，加拿大,在13年的时间里。我们发现了犬科病毒（CBuV，42.6%），犬细小病毒2型(CPV-2,34.0%),犬博卡病毒2型(CBoV-2,5.0%),cachavirus(CachaV-1,2.6%),犬腺病毒1(CAdV-1，1%)和犬微小病毒(MVC，0.3%）。据我们所知,这是首次在野生动物中检测到CBoV-2、MVC和CachV-1。我们还证明CBuV和CachaV-1已经在野生动物中传播了至少11年和10年，分别,在他们的发现之前。虽然CBuV患病率较高,CPV-2是青少年中最流行的病毒，而CBuV感染与营养不良有关。即使它的患病率很低，CachaV-1的多重感染率最高(87.5%)。CadV-1和MVC序列与参考菌株高度相同，但是我们观察到其他病毒之间的高度多样性，并检测到三个新的变种。一个CPV-2变异体和一个CBuV变异体自2000年代初以来在整个调查区域是地方性的，而一个CBuV变异体和两个CBoV-2变异体在一个更受限制的区域发现了多年，而CachaV-1只在一个区域发现。两个CPV-2变体和一个CachaV-1变体仅观察到一次，指示零星的引入或有限的循环。不同的地方性模式可能表明病毒是在不同的时间点引入狼种群的，并且狼群之间的混合可能不是恒定的。不同的流行病学行为取决于病毒因素，如传染性，传输路线，致病性和组织嗜性，以及邻近人口稠密地区的宿主因素，肉食性和包装密度和混合。
