Abstract：
Bacillus cereus group species are widespread, Gram-positive, spore-forming environmental bacteria. B. cereus sensu stricto is one of the major causes of food poisoning worldwide. In high-risk individuals, such as preterm neonates, B. cereus infections can cause fatal infections. It is important to note that the phenotypic identification methods commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories make no distinction between B. cereus sensu stricto and the other members of the group (Bacillus anthracis excluded). As a result, all the invasive infections attributed to B. cereus are not necessarily due to B. cereus sensu stricto but likely to other closely related species of the B. cereus group. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) should be used to characterize the whole genome of the strains belonging to the B. cereus group. This could confirm whether the strains involved in previously reported B. cereus invasive infections preferentially belong to formerly known or emerging individual species. Moreover, infections related to B. cereus group species have probably been overlooked, since their isolation in human bacteriological samples has for a long time been regarded as an environmental contaminant of the cultures. Recent studies have questioned the emergence or reemergence of B. cereus invasive infections in preterm infants. This review reports our current understanding of B. cereus infections in neonates, including taxonomical updates, microbiological characteristics, bacterial identification, clinical features, host-pathogen interactions, environmental sources of contamination, and antimicrobial resistance.
摘要：
蜡状芽孢杆菌种类广泛，革兰氏阳性,形成孢子的环境细菌。蜡状芽孢杆菌是世界范围内食物中毒的主要原因之一。在高风险人群中，比如早产儿,蜡状芽孢杆菌感染可引起致命感染。重要的是要注意，临床微生物学实验室中常用的表型鉴定方法在蜡状芽孢杆菌和该组的其他成员（不包括炭疽芽孢杆菌）之间没有区别。因此,所有归因于蜡状芽孢杆菌的侵袭性感染不一定是由于严格的蜡状芽孢杆菌，而是可能是蜡状芽孢杆菌组的其他密切相关的物种。下一代测序（NGS）应用于表征属于蜡状芽孢杆菌组的菌株的全基因组。这可以证实先前报道的蜡状芽孢杆菌侵入性感染中涉及的菌株是否优先属于先前已知的或新兴的个体物种。此外，与蜡状芽孢杆菌群物种相关的感染可能被忽视了，因为它们在人类细菌学样品中的分离长期以来一直被视为培养物的环境污染物。最近的研究质疑早产儿蜡状芽孢杆菌侵入性感染的出现或再次出现。这篇综述报告了我们目前对新生儿蜡样芽孢杆菌感染的理解，包括分类学更新，微生物学特征，细菌鉴定，临床特征,宿主-病原体相互作用，环境污染源，和抗菌素耐药性。
