Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation has proven to be an effective treatment option for end-stage lung disease. However, early and late complications following transplantation remain significant causes of high mortality.
OBJECTIVE: In this review, we focus on the time of onset in primary graft dysfunction and rejection complications, as well as emphasize the role of imaging manifestations and pathological features in early diagnosis, thus assisting clinicians in the early detection and treatment of posttransplant complications and improving patient quality of life and survival.
METHODS: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. We used the following search terms: lung transplantation complications, primary graft dysfunction, acute rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction, radiological findings, and diagnosis and treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Primary graft dysfunction, surgical complications, immune rejection, infections, and neoplasms represent major posttransplant complications. As the main posttransplant survival limitation, chronic lung allograft dysfunction has a characteristic imaging presentation; nevertheless, the clinical and imaging manifestations are often complex and overlap, so it is essential to understand the temporal evolution of these complications to narrow the differential diagnosis for early treatment to improve prognosis.
OBJECTIVE: In this review, we focus on the time of onset in primary graft dysfunction and rejection complications, as well as emphasize the role of imaging manifestations and pathological features in early diagnosis, thus assisting clinicians in the early detection and treatment of posttransplant complications and improving patient quality of life and survival.
METHODS: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. We used the following search terms: lung transplantation complications, primary graft dysfunction, acute rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction, radiological findings, and diagnosis and treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Primary graft dysfunction, surgical complications, immune rejection, infections, and neoplasms represent major posttransplant complications. As the main posttransplant survival limitation, chronic lung allograft dysfunction has a characteristic imaging presentation; nevertheless, the clinical and imaging manifestations are often complex and overlap, so it is essential to understand the temporal evolution of these complications to narrow the differential diagnosis for early treatment to improve prognosis.
摘要：
背景：肺移植已被证明是终末期肺病的有效治疗选择。然而,移植后早期和晚期并发症仍然是高死亡率的重要原因.
目的：在这篇综述中，我们关注原发性移植物功能障碍和排斥并发症的发病时间，以及强调影像学表现和病理特征在早期诊断中的作用，从而帮助临床医生早期发现和治疗移植后并发症，提高患者的生活质量和生存率。
方法：我们搜索了电子数据库，例如PubMed，WebofScience,和EMBASE。我们使用以下搜索词：肺移植并发症，原发性移植物功能障碍，急性排斥反应,慢性肺移植功能障碍，放射学发现，诊断和治疗。
结论：原发性移植物功能障碍，手术并发症,免疫排斥,感染,肿瘤是移植后的主要并发症。作为移植后生存的主要限制，慢性肺同种异体移植功能障碍具有特征性的影像学表现；然而，临床和影像学表现通常复杂且重叠，因此，必须了解这些并发症的时间演变，缩小鉴别诊断范围，以便早期治疗以改善预后。
目的：在这篇综述中，我们关注原发性移植物功能障碍和排斥并发症的发病时间，以及强调影像学表现和病理特征在早期诊断中的作用，从而帮助临床医生早期发现和治疗移植后并发症，提高患者的生活质量和生存率。
方法：我们搜索了电子数据库，例如PubMed，WebofScience,和EMBASE。我们使用以下搜索词：肺移植并发症，原发性移植物功能障碍，急性排斥反应,慢性肺移植功能障碍，放射学发现，诊断和治疗。
结论：原发性移植物功能障碍，手术并发症,免疫排斥,感染,肿瘤是移植后的主要并发症。作为移植后生存的主要限制，慢性肺同种异体移植功能障碍具有特征性的影像学表现；然而，临床和影像学表现通常复杂且重叠，因此，必须了解这些并发症的时间演变，缩小鉴别诊断范围，以便早期治疗以改善预后。
