Abstract：
The World Health Organization recommends that children should engage in an average of 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day and should perform activities that strengthen muscle and bone at least 3 days a week. Public health professionals as well as pediatric researchers have identified schools as a strategic place to promote muscular strength development. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of school-based exercise interventions for improving muscular fitness (MF) in children. Searches were conducted in three databases. Eligible criteria were randomized and non-randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of school-based exercise interventions on MF (i.e. muscular strength, muscular power, and local muscular endurance) in children under 13 years of age. Risk of bias by the National Institutes of Health tool was appraised, and pooled effect sizes (Hedges\'g) were calculated using random-effects inverse-variance analyses. Seventeen studies enrolling 1653 children (28% girls were analyzed). Exercise interventions, mostly combined interventions targeting selected domains of MF, were associated with significant moderate increases in local muscular endurance (g = 0.65 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.17, p = 0.020; I2 = 85.0%) and muscular strength and muscular power (g = 0.33 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.51, p = 0.001; I2 = 59.3%), with higher effects using interventions with ≥3 sessions per week. Our findings indicate that school-based exercise that includes strength building exercises may improve MF in children and, consequently, prepare modern day youth for the demands of exercise and sport activities. HighlightsSchool-based muscle and bone strengthening exercises performed at least 3 days per week may serve to support the development of muscular fitness in girls and boysIntegrative interventions that include a variety of strength and conditioning activities seem to be a promising strategy to promote muscular fitness in school environmentFuture research should standardize assessment methods for use with children in the school context and should include interventions with girlsIt is of interest to a growing number of health care providers, fitness professionals and physical education teachers to encourage participation in well-designed muscle and bone strengthening exercises.
摘要：
世界卫生组织建议儿童每天平均进行60分钟的中等至剧烈的体育锻炼（MVPA），并应每周至少3天进行增强肌肉和骨骼的活动。公共卫生专业人员以及儿科研究人员已将学校确定为促进肌肉力量发展的战略场所。因此，本系统综述和荟萃分析的目的是调查以学校为基础的运动干预对改善儿童肌肉健康(MF)的疗效.在三个数据库中进行搜索。符合条件的标准是评估基于学校的运动干预对MF（即肌肉力量，肌肉力量,和局部肌肉耐力）在13岁以下的儿童中。美国国立卫生研究院工具评估了偏见的风险，使用随机效应逆方差分析计算合并效应大小(Hedges\'g)。17项研究招募了1653名儿童（28％的女孩进行了分析）。运动干预,主要是针对MF选定领域的联合干预措施，与局部肌肉耐力（g=0.6595％CI，0.13至1.17，p=0.020；I2=85.0％）以及肌肉力量和肌肉力量（g=0.3395％CI，0.16至0.51，p=0.001；I2=59.3％）的显着中度增加相关，使用每周≥3次的干预措施效果更高。我们的研究结果表明，以学校为基础的运动，包括力量锻炼练习可以改善儿童的MF，因此,为锻炼和体育活动的需求做好现代青年的准备。重点每周至少进行3天的校本肌肉和骨骼强化练习可能有助于支持女孩和男孩的肌肉健康发展。包括各种力量和调节活动的综合干预措施似乎是促进学校环境中肌肉健康的有希望的策略。未来的研究应标准化评估方法，以在学校环境中与儿童一起使用，并应包括对女孩的干预措施。越来越多的医疗保健提供者对此感兴趣，健身专业人员和体育教师鼓励参与精心设计的肌肉和骨骼强化练习。
