Abstract：
Temperate grasses contain both water- and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates. Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) of temperate grasses include glucose, fructose, sucrose, and fructans (fructose-based polymers) of varying lengths. Ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESCs) consist of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and shorter fructans. WSCs and ESCs have been implicated in equine pasture-associated laminitis and other metabolic disorders. In this paper, the peer-reviewed literature of the past decade was summarized for selected factors influencing concentrations and composition of WSCs and ESCs in temperate grasses. WSC concentrations tended to increase under cool temperatures and during cooler seasons. WSC and ESC concentrations generally increased from morning to evening with a range of -20 to 74 g/kg DM for WSCs. Cultivar choice had variable effects on WSC concentrations. Frequent defoliation usually lowered WSC and fructan concentrations. Nitrogen application increased or decreased WSC concentrations, depending on the amount applied and the grass cultivars. Water stress had variable effects on WSC concentration and composition. Multiple factors should be considered before assuming how certain management or environmental conditions will affect WSCs, ESCs, or individual carbohydrates.
摘要：
温带草含有水溶性和乙醇可溶性碳水化合物。温带草的水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）包括葡萄糖，果糖,蔗糖,和不同长度的果聚糖（果糖基聚合物）。乙醇可溶性碳水化合物（ESC）由葡萄糖组成，果糖,蔗糖,和较短的果聚糖。WSC和ESC与马牧场相关的椎板炎和其他代谢紊乱有关。在本文中,本研究总结了过去10年同行评审的文献中选择的影响温带草中WSCs和ESCs浓度和组成的因素.在较冷的温度下和较冷的季节，WSC浓度趋于增加。WSC和ESC浓度通常从早晨到晚上增加，WSC的范围为-20至74g/kgDM。品种选择对WSC浓度有不同的影响。频繁的落叶通常会降低WSC和果聚糖的浓度。施氮增加或减少WSC浓度，取决于施用量和草品种。水分胁迫对WSC浓度和组成有不同的影响。在假设某些管理或环境条件将如何影响WSC之前，应考虑多种因素，ESC,或单独的碳水化合物。
