Abstract：
Olive stones are a by-product of the olive oil industry. In this work, the valorisation of olive stones through pyrolysis was attempted. Before pyrolysis, half of the samples were impregnated with sulphuric acid. Pyrolysis was carried out in a vertical tubular furnace with a ceramic support. The pyrolysis conditions assayed were: temperature between 400 and 600 °C, heating ramp between 5 and 20 °C∙min-1, and inert gas flow rate between 50 and 300 mL Ar∙min-1. Among them, temperature was the only parameter that influenced the pyrolysis product distribution. The most suitable temperature for obtaining biochar was 400 °C for both non-treated and pre-treated raw material, while for obtaining bio-oil, it was 600 °C for impregnated olive stones and 400 °C for the raw material. The impregnated olives stones led to bio-oils with much higher amounts of high-added-value products such as levoglucosenone and catechol. Finally, the biochars were impregnated with sulphuric acid and assayed as biocatalysts for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol in a stirred tank batch reactor at 60 °C for 30 min. Biochars from non-treated olive stones, which had lower specific surfaces, led to higher esterification yields (up to 96.2%).
摘要：
橄榄石是橄榄油工业的副产品。在这项工作中,尝试通过热解使橄榄石增值。热解前,一半的样品用硫酸浸渍。热解在具有陶瓷载体的立式管式炉中进行。所测定的热解条件为:温度在400至600°C之间,加热斜坡在5至20°C•min-1之间，惰性气体流速在50至300mLAr•min-1之间。其中,温度是影响热解产物分布的唯一参数。对于未经处理和预处理的原料，获得生物炭的最合适温度均为400°C，而为了获得生物油，浸渍的橄榄石为600°C，原材料为400°C。浸渍的橄榄石导致生物油具有更高的高附加值产品，例如左旋葡萄糖酮和儿茶酚。最后,将生物炭用硫酸浸渍，并作为生物催化剂进行分析，用于在60°C的搅拌釜间歇式反应器中油酸与甲醇的酯化30分钟。来自未经处理的橄榄石的生物炭，具有较低的比表面，导致更高的酯化收率(高达96.2%)。
