Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Nazi Germany surrendered to the Allies on May 8, 1945. Six months later, the Allies tried the surviving leaders of Nazi Germany at the first Nuremberg trial. Later, the United States conducted 12 additional trials. The first one, The Unites States of America versus Karl Brandt et al., has been dubbed the Doctors\' Trial. During the trial, the prosecution relied on the testimony of Dr. Andrew Ivy and Dr. Leo Alexander. At the end of the trial, Judge Sebring enunciated 10 principles needed to conduct human subject research-the Nuremberg Code. Authorship of the Code has been the subject of dispute, with both Ivy and Alexander claiming sole authorship.
METHODS: In the summer of 2017, I visited Duke University Medical Center\'s Archives and surveyed the contents of boxes labeled \"Alexander\'s papers.\" I also explored online databases with information on the Doctors\' Trial. Pertinent documents were compared across collections, and against scholarly works on the topic.
RESULTS: Box 3 of Alexander\'s papers at Duke University Medical Center\'s Archives contains a three-page document with six principles that, nearly word for word, were included in what is known as the Nuremberg Code. Alexander\'s name and appointment are typed at the end of the document.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the Nuremberg Code is likely to have been an unplanned collaboration among members of the prosecuting team and the judges, I present evidence suggesting that Alexander drafted the blueprint and was the main contributor to the final version of the Code.
METHODS: In the summer of 2017, I visited Duke University Medical Center\'s Archives and surveyed the contents of boxes labeled \"Alexander\'s papers.\" I also explored online databases with information on the Doctors\' Trial. Pertinent documents were compared across collections, and against scholarly works on the topic.
RESULTS: Box 3 of Alexander\'s papers at Duke University Medical Center\'s Archives contains a three-page document with six principles that, nearly word for word, were included in what is known as the Nuremberg Code. Alexander\'s name and appointment are typed at the end of the document.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the Nuremberg Code is likely to have been an unplanned collaboration among members of the prosecuting team and the judges, I present evidence suggesting that Alexander drafted the blueprint and was the main contributor to the final version of the Code.
摘要：
背景：纳粹德国于1945年5月8日向盟军投降。六个月后,盟军在第一次纽伦堡审判中审判了幸存的纳粹德国领导人。稍后，美国又进行了12项试验.第一个,美国与卡尔·勃兰特等人。,被称为“医生审判”。在审判期间,控方依据的是AndrewIvy博士和LeoAlexander博士的证词.审判结束时,Sebring法官阐明了进行人类主题研究所需的10项原则-《纽伦堡法典》。《守则》的作者一直是争议的主题，Ivy和Alexander都声称是唯一的作者.
方法：2017年夏天，我参观了杜克大学医学中心的档案馆，并调查了标有“亚历山大论文”的盒子的内容。“我还探索了有关医生试验的在线数据库。比较了不同收藏的相关文件，反对关于这个主题的学术著作。
结果：亚历山大在杜克大学医学中心档案馆的论文的方框3包含一个三页的文档，其中包含六个原则，几乎一字不漏，包含在所谓的纽伦堡法典中。Alexander\的姓名和约会在文档的末尾键入。
结论：尽管《纽伦堡法典》很可能是起诉小组成员和法官之间的计划外合作，我提供证据表明亚历山大起草了蓝图，并且是该守则最终版本的主要贡献者。
方法：2017年夏天，我参观了杜克大学医学中心的档案馆，并调查了标有“亚历山大论文”的盒子的内容。“我还探索了有关医生试验的在线数据库。比较了不同收藏的相关文件，反对关于这个主题的学术著作。
结果：亚历山大在杜克大学医学中心档案馆的论文的方框3包含一个三页的文档，其中包含六个原则，几乎一字不漏，包含在所谓的纽伦堡法典中。Alexander\的姓名和约会在文档的末尾键入。
结论：尽管《纽伦堡法典》很可能是起诉小组成员和法官之间的计划外合作，我提供证据表明亚历山大起草了蓝图，并且是该守则最终版本的主要贡献者。
