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Abstract：
Soft tissue and bone sarcomas represent a group of aggressive neoplasms often accompanied by dismal patient prognosis, especially when distant metastases are present. Moreover, effective treatment can pose a challenge, as recurrences are frequent and almost half of patients present with advanced disease. Researchers have unveiled the molecular abnormalities implicated in sarcomas\' carcinogenesis, paving the way for novel treatment strategies based on each individual tumor\'s characteristics. Therefore, the development of new techniques aiding in early disease detection and tumor molecular profiling is imperative. Liquid biopsy refers to the sampling and analysis of patients\' fluids, such as blood, to identify tumor biomarkers, through a variety of methods, including qRT-PCR, qPCR, droplet digital PCR, magnetic microbeads and digital PCR. Assessment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating free DNA (ctDNA), micro RNAs (miRs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), exosomes and exosome-associated proteins can yield a plethora of information on tumor molecular signature, histologic type and disease stage. In addition, the minimal invasiveness of the procedure renders possible its wide application in the clinical setting, and, therefore, the early detection of the presence of tumors. In this review of the literature, we gathered information on biomarkers assessed through liquid biopsy in soft tissue and bone sarcoma patients and we present the information they can yield for each individual tumor type.
摘要：
软组织和骨肉瘤代表一组侵袭性肿瘤，通常伴有患者预后不佳。特别是当存在远处转移时。此外，有效的治疗可能会带来挑战，因为复发很常见，几乎一半的患者患有晚期疾病。研究人员揭示了与肉瘤致癌作用有关的分子异常，为基于每个肿瘤的特征的新治疗策略铺平了道路。因此,发展有助于早期疾病检测和肿瘤分子谱分析的新技术势在必行。液体活检是指对患者液体的采样和分析，比如血，为了识别肿瘤生物标志物，通过各种方法，包括qRT-PCR，qPCR,液滴数字PCR，磁性微珠和数字PCR。循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）的评估，循环游离DNA（ctDNA），微小RNA（miR），长链非编码RNA（lncRNA），外泌体和外泌体相关蛋白可以产生过多的肿瘤分子特征信息，组织学类型和疾病分期。此外,该程序的最小侵入性使得其在临床环境中的广泛应用成为可能，and,因此,早期发现肿瘤的存在。在这篇文献综述中，我们收集了在软组织和骨肉瘤患者中通过液体活检评估的生物标志物的信息,并提供了它们可以产生的每种肿瘤类型的信息.
