UNASSIGNED: We developed open-source software for 3D image reconstruction and projection of an angiogram-like image of the vascular access using a 2D freehand ultrasound scanner. We evaluated this software by comparing the ultrasound \"sono-angiogram\" images to fistulogram images in five subjects, using visual inspection and by applying the Percent of Exact Match (PEM) as a statistic test.
UNASSIGNED: The sono-angiograms showed identifiable characteristics that matched the fistulogram results in all five subjects. The PEM ranged between 42.8% and 77.0%, with Doppler and grayscale ultrasound data, showing complementary advantages and disadvantages when used for sono-angiogram image construction. Motion from freehand ultrasound acquisition was a significant source of mismatch. 3D image generation is a potential advantage with ultrasound data.
UNASSIGNED: While further work is needed to improve the accuracy with free hand scanning, fistulogram-like \"sono-angiograms\" can be generated using point of care 2D ultrasound. Methods such as these may be able to assist in point-of-care diagnosis in the future. The software is open-source, and importantly, the ultrasound data used are non-proprietary and available from any standard ultrasound machine. The simplicity and accessibility of this approach warrant further study.
■我们开发了开源软件,用于使用2D徒手超声扫描仪对血管通路的血管造影样图像进行3D图像重建和投影。我们通过比较五个受试者的超声“超声血管造影”图像与血管造影图像来评估该软件,使用目视检查并应用精确匹配百分比(PEM)作为统计检验。
■超声血管造影显示出可识别的特征,与所有五名受试者的血管造影结果相匹配。PEM介于42.8%和77.0%之间,多普勒和灰度超声数据,当用于超声血管造影图像构建时,显示出互补的优点和缺点。徒手超声采集的运动是不匹配的重要原因。3D图像生成是超声数据的潜在优势。
■虽然需要进一步的工作来提高自由手扫描的准确性,可以使用护理点2D超声生成类似血管造影图的“超声血管造影”。诸如此类的方法可能能够在将来帮助即时诊断。该软件是开源的,而且重要的是,使用的超声数据是非专有的,可从任何标准超声机获得。这种方法的简单性和可及性值得进一步研究。