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Abstract：
Despite decades of education and enforcement campaigns, alcohol-impaired driving persists as a social problem in the U.S. Are there other factors influencing decisions to drive after alcohol consumption that may be amenable to change? We conducted a roadside survey in California in 2012 to assess whether residential accessibility, travel attitudes (indicated by ratings of convenience and safety for travel options), and perceptions of arrest risk affect travel choices made subsequent to alcohol consumption. We conducted hybrid choice modeling for 580 participants. Mode-specific travel attitudes were valid constructs and predictive of travel behavior. Perceived level of service (speed) increased the utility for taxi and getting a ride. Perceiving high risk of arrest affected mode choice through travel attitudes. Not everyone assessed their mode options in the same way. For example, frequent binge drinkers appear to be more willing to consider taxis, men had stronger preferences towards active modes, and younger drivers were less pro-driving in this context. Past drinking and driving behavior affected one\'s attitude towards driving, while the number of drinks was related to mode choice. While our accessibility measure was not significantly related to attitudes or choice, decreasing urbanicity corresponded with stronger preferences for driving. This pilot study suggests that improving level of service (speed), convenience, and overall safety are considerations for public health in terms of promoting alternatives to drinking and driving. This line of research also has implications for emerging options, such as ride hailing, and how these might be optimized for specific segments of the population.
摘要：
尽管进行了数十年的教育和执法运动，在美国，酒精受损驾驶仍然是一个社会问题。是否还有其他因素影响酒精消费后驾驶的决定，这些因素可能会改变？我们在2012年在加利福尼亚州进行了一项路边调查，以评估住宅可及性，旅行态度(由旅行选择的便利性和安全性评级表示)，对逮捕风险的看法会影响饮酒后的旅行选择。我们对580名参与者进行了混合选择建模。特定模式的旅行态度是有效的结构，可以预测旅行行为。感知的服务水平（速度）增加了出租车和乘车的效用。感知逮捕的高风险会通过旅行态度影响模式选择。并非每个人都以相同的方式评估他们的模式选项。例如,经常暴饮暴食的人似乎更愿意考虑出租车，男人对主动模式有更强的偏好，在这种情况下，年轻的司机不太支持驾驶。过去的饮酒和驾驶行为会影响一个人对驾驶的态度，而饮料的数量与模式选择有关。虽然我们的无障碍测量与态度或选择没有显著关系，城市化程度的降低与驾驶偏好的增强相对应。这项试点研究表明，提高服务水平(速度)，便利性，在推广饮酒和驾驶的替代品方面，整体安全是公众健康的考虑因素。这一系列研究也对新兴的选择有影响，比如叫车，以及如何针对特定人群进行优化。
