Abstract：
Gastric peristalsis is critically dependent on an underlying electrical conduction system. Recent years have witnessed substantial progress in clarifying the operations of this system, including its pacemaking units, its cellular architecture, and slow-wave propagation patterns. Advanced techniques have been developed for assessing its functions at high spatiotemporal resolutions. This review synthesizes and evaluates this progress, with a focus on human and translational physiology. A current conception of the initiation and conduction of slow-wave activity in the human stomach is provided first, followed by a detailed discussion of its organization at the cellular and tissue level. Particular emphasis is then given to how gastric electrical disorders may contribute to disease states. Gastric dysfunction continues to grow in their prevalence and impact, and while gastric dysrhythmia is established as a clear and pervasive feature in several major gastric disorders, its role in explaining pathophysiology and informing therapy is still emerging. New insights from high-resolution gastric mapping are evaluated, together with historical data from electrogastrography, and the physiological relevance of emerging biomarkers from body surface mapping such as retrograde propagating slow waves. Knowledge gaps requiring further physiological research are highlighted.
摘要：
胃蠕动严重依赖于潜在的电传导系统。近年来，在澄清该系统的运作方面取得了重大进展，包括它的起搏器，它的蜂窝结构，和慢波传播模式。已经开发了先进的技术来以高时空分辨率评估其功能。这篇综述综合和评估了这一进展，专注于人类和翻译生理学。首先提供了人类胃中慢波活动的启动和传导的当前概念，然后在细胞和组织水平上详细讨论其组织。然后特别强调胃电紊乱如何导致疾病状态。胃功能障碍的患病率和影响持续增长，虽然胃心律失常被确立为几个主要胃病的明确和普遍的特征，它在解释病理生理学和告知治疗方面的作用仍在出现。对高分辨率胃标测的新见解进行了评估，连同胃电图的历史数据，以及来自体表测绘的新兴生物标志物的生理相关性，例如逆行传播的慢波。强调了需要进一步生理研究的知识差距。
