PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Ichthyological surveys have traditionally been conducted using whole-specimen, capture-based sampling with varied but conventional fishing gear. Recently, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a complementary, and possible alternative, approach to whole-specimen methodologies. In the tropics, where much of the diversity remains undescribed, vast reaches continue unexplored, and anthropogenic activities are constant threats; there have been few eDNA attempts for ichthyological inventories. We tested the discriminatory power of eDNA using MiFish primers with existing public reference libraries and compared this with capture-based methods in two distinct ecosystems in the megadiverse Amazon basin. In our study, eDNA provided an accurate snapshot of the fishes at higher taxonomic levels and corroborated its effectiveness to detect specialized fish assemblages. Some flaws in fish metabarcoding studies are routine issues addressed in natural history museums. Thus, by expanding their archives and adopting a series of initiatives linking collection-based research, training and outreach, natural history museums can enable the effective use of eDNA to survey Earth\'s hotspots of biodiversity before taxa go extinct. Our project surveying poorly explored rivers and using DNA vouchered archives to build metabarcoding libraries for Neotropical fishes can serve as a model of this protocol.
摘要：
鱼类调查传统上是使用全样本进行的，基于捕获的采样，具有不同但传统的渔具。最近,环境DNA(eDNA)元转录编码已经成为一种互补的，和可能的替代方案，全样本方法学的方法。在热带地区,许多多样性仍然没有描述，广阔的范围仍未被开发，人为活动是持续不断的威胁；几乎没有eDNA尝试进行鱼类调查。我们使用MiFish引物与现有的公共参考库测试了eDNA的辨别能力，并将其与大型亚马逊流域两个不同生态系统中基于捕获的方法进行了比较。在我们的研究中,eDNA在较高的分类学水平上提供了鱼类的准确快照，并证实了其检测特殊鱼类组合的有效性。鱼类生齿编码研究中的一些缺陷是自然历史博物馆中解决的常规问题。因此，通过扩大档案并采取一系列将基于收集的研究联系起来的举措，培训和外展，自然历史博物馆可以在类群灭绝之前有效利用eDNA来调查地球的生物多样性热点。我们的项目调查了未充分探索的河流，并使用DNA有证档案为新热带鱼类建立元编码库，可以作为该协议的模型。
