Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) irrigating solution alone and following activation with photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), photodynamic therapy (PDT) with indocyanine green (ICG), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and manual dynamic activation (MDA) method for elimination of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canal system.
METHODS: A total of 59 extracted human single-rooted teeth were collected and prepared. E. faecalis was inoculated into the root canals and incubated for 4 weeks. The teeth were then randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 10): the AN group, irrigation with AgNPs alone; the AN/ICG/DL group, irrigation with AgNPs and ICG, then activation with diode laser; the AN/PIPS group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with 0.3 W Er: YAG laser; the AN/MDA group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with tapered gutta-percha; and the AN/PUI group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with ultrasonic. Also, two control groups of irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (n = 5) and no intervention (n = 4) were also used. Samples were collected from the dentinal chips before and after the intervention, and the percentage of reduction in colony count was calculated.
RESULTS: A significant reduction in E. faecalis colony count was noted in all groups (P < 0.05). Maximum reduction in colony count was noted in AN/PIPS and AN/PUI groups by 91.03 and 91.29%, respectively. Minimum reduction was noted in the AN group alone.
CONCLUSIONS: Activation with PUI and PIPS enhanced the efficacy of AgNPs irrigating solution for elimination of E. faecalis from the root canal system.
CONCLUSIONS: AgNPs activated by ultrasound or PIPS can be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system in endodontic treatment.
METHODS: A total of 59 extracted human single-rooted teeth were collected and prepared. E. faecalis was inoculated into the root canals and incubated for 4 weeks. The teeth were then randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 10): the AN group, irrigation with AgNPs alone; the AN/ICG/DL group, irrigation with AgNPs and ICG, then activation with diode laser; the AN/PIPS group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with 0.3 W Er: YAG laser; the AN/MDA group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with tapered gutta-percha; and the AN/PUI group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with ultrasonic. Also, two control groups of irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (n = 5) and no intervention (n = 4) were also used. Samples were collected from the dentinal chips before and after the intervention, and the percentage of reduction in colony count was calculated.
RESULTS: A significant reduction in E. faecalis colony count was noted in all groups (P < 0.05). Maximum reduction in colony count was noted in AN/PIPS and AN/PUI groups by 91.03 and 91.29%, respectively. Minimum reduction was noted in the AN group alone.
CONCLUSIONS: Activation with PUI and PIPS enhanced the efficacy of AgNPs irrigating solution for elimination of E. faecalis from the root canal system.
CONCLUSIONS: AgNPs activated by ultrasound or PIPS can be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system in endodontic treatment.
摘要：
目的：本研究旨在比较单独使用银纳米粒子（AgNPs）冲洗溶液和光子诱导光声流（PIPS）活化后的功效，光动力疗法（PDT）与吲哚菁绿（ICG），被动超声冲洗（PUI），和手动动态激活（MDA）方法消除粪肠球菌（E.粪便）来自根管系统。
方法：收集并制备59颗拔除的人单根牙齿。将粪肠球菌接种到根管中并孵育4周。然后将牙齿随机分为五个实验组（n=10）：AN组，单独使用AgNPs进行灌溉；AN/ICG/DL组，用AgNPs和ICG灌溉，然后用二极管激光器激活；AN/PIPS组，用AgNPs冲洗，用0.3WEr:YAG激光激活；AN/MDA组，用AgNPs灌溉，用锥形古塔胶活化；和AN/PUI组，用AgNPs冲洗并用超声波激活。此外，两个对照组用2.5%次氯酸钠灌溉(n=5)和无干预(n=4)。在干预前后从牙本质芯片中收集样品，计算菌落数减少的百分比。
结果：所有组均显著减少粪肠球菌菌落计数（P<0.05）。在AN/PIPS和AN/PUI组中，菌落计数最大减少了91.03％和91.29％，分别。在单独的AN组中注意到最小的减少。
结论：用PUI和PIPS激活可增强AgNPs冲洗溶液从根管系统中清除粪肠球菌的功效。
结论：经超声或PIPS激活的AgNPs可作为根管治疗中根管系统消毒的辅助手段。
方法：收集并制备59颗拔除的人单根牙齿。将粪肠球菌接种到根管中并孵育4周。然后将牙齿随机分为五个实验组（n=10）：AN组，单独使用AgNPs进行灌溉；AN/ICG/DL组，用AgNPs和ICG灌溉，然后用二极管激光器激活；AN/PIPS组，用AgNPs冲洗，用0.3WEr:YAG激光激活；AN/MDA组，用AgNPs灌溉，用锥形古塔胶活化；和AN/PUI组，用AgNPs冲洗并用超声波激活。此外，两个对照组用2.5%次氯酸钠灌溉(n=5)和无干预(n=4)。在干预前后从牙本质芯片中收集样品，计算菌落数减少的百分比。
结果：所有组均显著减少粪肠球菌菌落计数（P<0.05）。在AN/PIPS和AN/PUI组中，菌落计数最大减少了91.03％和91.29％，分别。在单独的AN组中注意到最小的减少。
结论：用PUI和PIPS激活可增强AgNPs冲洗溶液从根管系统中清除粪肠球菌的功效。
结论：经超声或PIPS激活的AgNPs可作为根管治疗中根管系统消毒的辅助手段。
