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Abstract：
The World Health Organization recommends the implementation of universal hepatitis B (HB) vaccination, and global coverage for this vaccine reached 84% in 2015. In Japan, the policy aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HB virus (HBV) initially commenced as a specific vaccination program for infants born to mothers who were positive for HB surface antigen. In 2016, universal HB vaccination was implemented in this country to cover unvaccinated individuals at risk of horizontal HBV transmission. Although HB vaccination has been shown to be highly efficacious and safe, the issues of vaccine non-responders and of the loss of antibodies directed against HB surface antigen (anti-HBs) in HB vaccine recipients remain. To gain better insight into these problems, we previously performed an immunological analysis on adult vaccine recipients after they received an initial HB vaccination. We found that the course of successful HB vaccination is composed of the following distinct phases: 1) acquisition of anti-HBs antibody, 2) attainment of high anti-HBs antibody titers, and 3) maintenance of acquired anti-HBs antibody levels. In this review, we describe the significance of HB vaccination and suggest a potential means of improving the impact of HB vaccination based on our immunological analysis.
摘要：
世界卫生组织建议实施普遍的乙型肝炎（HB）疫苗接种，该疫苗的全球覆盖率在2015年达到84%。在日本,这项旨在防止乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)母婴传播的政策最初是针对乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性的母亲所生的婴儿的一项特定疫苗接种计划.2016年，该国实施了普遍的HB疫苗接种，以覆盖有水平HBV传播风险的未接种疫苗的个人。虽然乙肝疫苗已被证明是非常有效和安全的，在HB疫苗接种者中,疫苗无应答者和抗HB表面抗原(抗-HBs)抗体丢失的问题仍然存在.为了更好地了解这些问题，我们之前对接受初始HB疫苗接种的成人疫苗接种者进行了免疫学分析.我们发现成功的HB疫苗接种过程由以下不同阶段组成：1）获得抗HBs抗体，2）获得高抗HBs抗体滴度，和3）获得的抗-HBs抗体水平的维持。在这次审查中,我们描述了HB疫苗接种的意义,并根据我们的免疫学分析提出了改善HB疫苗接种影响的潜在方法.
