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Abstract：
The treatment of diabetic wounds (DWs) is always challenging for the medical community because of its multifaceted pathophysiology. Due to practical and ethical considerations, direct studies of therapeutic interventions on human subjects are limited. Thus, it is ideal for performing studies on animals having less genetic and biological variability. An ideal DW model should progress toward reproducibility, quantifiable interpretation, therapeutic significance, and effective translation into clinical use. In the last couple of decades, various animal models were developed to examine the complex cellular and biochemical process of skin restoration in DW healing. Also, these models were used to assess the potency of developed active pharmaceutical ingredients and formulations. However, many animal models lack studying mechanisms that can appropriately restate human DW, stay a huge translational challenge. This review discusses the available animal models with their significance in DW experiments and their limitations, focusing on levels of proof of effectiveness in selecting appropriate models to restate the human DW to improve clinical outcomes. Although numerous newer entities and combinatory formulations are very well appreciated preclinically for DW management, they fail in clinical trials, which may be due to improper selection of the appropriate model. The major future challenge could be developing a model that resembles the human DW environment, can potentiate translational research in DW care.
摘要：
由于其多方面的病理生理学，糖尿病伤口（DWs）的治疗始终是医学界的挑战。出于实践和道德考虑，对人类受试者的治疗干预的直接研究是有限的。因此，它非常适合对遗传和生物变异性较小的动物进行研究。理想的DW模型应该朝着可重复性发展，可量化的解释，治疗意义，并有效转化为临床使用。在过去的几十年里，开发了各种动物模型来检查DW愈合中皮肤恢复的复杂细胞和生化过程。此外，这些模型用于评估开发的活性药物成分和制剂的效力.然而,许多动物模型缺乏研究可以适当地重述人类DW的机制，保持一个巨大的翻译挑战。这篇综述讨论了可用的动物模型及其在DW实验中的意义和局限性，重点是在选择适当的模型来重述人类DW以改善临床结果方面的有效性证明水平。尽管许多较新的实体和组合制剂在临床前对DW管理非常赞赏，他们在临床试验中失败，这可能是由于选择适当的模型不当所致。未来的主要挑战可能是开发一种类似于人类DW环境的模型，可以加强DW护理中的转化研究。
